PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of Western Europe	Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian				Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Calabrian				Early Pleistocene			0.774
		Gelasian				Early Pleistocene			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Late Pliocene			2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean				Early Pliocene			3.6
	Miocene	Messinian				Late Miocene			5.333
		Tortonian				Late Miocene			7.246
		Serravallian				Middle Miocene			11.63
		Langhian				Middle Miocene			13.82
		Burdigalian				Early Miocene			15.98
		Aquitanian				Early Miocene			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Late Oligocene			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Late Eocene			33.9
		Bartonian				Middle Eocene			37.71
		Lutetian				Middle Eocene			41.2
		Ypresian				Early Eocene			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Late Paleocene			56
		Selandian				Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian				Early Paleocene			61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan					150
				Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian		Warepan					208.5
				Otamitan					217
				Oretian					221
		Carnian		Oretian					227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian		Etalian					238
		Anisian		Etalian					242
		Anisian		Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian					249
		Induan		Nelsonian					251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan					251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Zechstein		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Zechstein		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian		Flettian			264.28
		Wordian		Barettian			266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian	Autunian		283.5
				Telfordian			285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
		Pragian				Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian						500.5
		Wuliuan						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3						514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
									538.8