PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127688 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian Subages	Cambrian of Britain		Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia					Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan												145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan												149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan												150
				Heterian												154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan												164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan												176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan												184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran												188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian												201.4
		Norian		Warepan												208.5
				Otamitan												217
				Oretian												221
		Carnian		Oretian												227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan												227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan												237
		Ladinian		Etalian												238
		Anisian		Etalian												242
		Anisian		Malakovian												246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian												247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian												249
		Induan		Nelsonian												251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan												251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan				Buntsandstein								251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian												253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian												254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan												254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian				Ohre/Aller								259.51
		Wordian		Flettian				Leine								264.28
		Wordian		Barettian				Leine								266
		Roadian														266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian														273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian												276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian												283.5
				Telfordian												285
																288.5
		Sakmarian														290.1
		Asselian												Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian												Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian												Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian												Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian												Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian												Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian												Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian												Chesterian		323.2
		Visean												Chesterian		330.9
														Meramecian		335.8 *
														Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian												Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian												Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Late Famennian										Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
					Middle Famennian											365.3 *
					Early Famennian											368.5 *
		Frasnian			Late Frasnian										Adorf	372.2
					Middle Frasnian											375.4 *
					Early Frasnian											379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
					Middle Givetian		383.7 *
					Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian	Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian		443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian					Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
							Dobrotivian					458.5 *
							Oretanian					459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian					Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth					Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
												Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Sunwaptan	487.5
												Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian														489.5
								Steptoean							493 *
												Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian										Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids					Marjumian	Albertian †		497
		Drumian										Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran	Caerfai			Waucoban †					509
		Stage 4	Dyeran									511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran									514
			Montezuman									514.8 *
			Begadean									519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
																538.8