PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian					0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan					1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan					1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian					2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian					2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian					3
		Zanclean				Waipipian					3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian					3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan					7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan					11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan					11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian					13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian					13.82
						Clifdenian					15.1
					Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian					15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian					18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian					20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian					21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian					23.03
						Duntroonian					25.2
						Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
					Arnold	Runangan					34.6
						Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian					41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
						Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan					47.8
						Mangaorapan					48.9
						Waipawan					52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian					56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian					66
		Campanian				Haumurian					72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan					83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
						Mangaotanean					90.5
						Arowhanan					93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan					93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
						Motuan					99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan					100.5
						Urutawan					103.3
					Taitai	Korangan					108.4
		Aptian				Korangan					113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan			145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan			149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan			150
				Heterian			154.5
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan			164.3
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan			176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan			184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran			188.9
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian			201.4
		Norian		Warepan			208.5
				Otamitan			217
				Oretian			221
		Carnian		Oretian			227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan			237
		Ladinian		Etalian			238
		Anisian		Etalian			242
		Anisian		Malakovian			246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian			247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian			249
		Induan		Nelsonian			251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan			251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan			251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian			253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan			254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			259.51
		Wordian		Flettian			264.28
		Wordian		Barettian			266
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian			283.5
				Telfordian			285
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
		Pragian					Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian		443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian			Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian						453
								Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
					Dobrotivian					458.5 *
					Oretanian					459.7 *
							Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian					Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian			Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Tremadocian					477.7
											485.4