PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous Subepochs	Central Paratethys Stages	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of North America		Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian				Pannonian							7.246
				Serravallian				Sarmatian							11.63
				Serravallian				Badenian							12.8 *
				Langhian											13.82
				Burdigalian											15.98
				Aquitanian											20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25					23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25					27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A						33.9
				Bartonian					MP 16						37.71
				Lutetian					MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11						41.2
				Ypresian					MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					MP 6	MP 1 - 5					56
				Selandian											59.2
				Danian											61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan									145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan									150
						Heterian									154.5
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan									164.3
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan									176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan									184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran									188.9
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
				Norian		Warepan									208.5
						Otamitan									217
						Oretian									221
				Carnian		Oretian									227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan									237
				Ladinian		Etalian									238
				Anisian		Etalian									242
				Anisian		Malakovian									246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian									247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian									249
				Induan		Nelsonian									251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan									251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan									251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian									253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian								Zechstein	254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan								Zechstein	254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian								Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian		Flettian									264.28
				Wordian		Barettian									266
Roadian				266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian	273.01
			Kungurian	Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian	Mangapirian		Autunian	283.5
				Telfordian			285
							288.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Late Pennsylvanian	Virgilian				298.9
			Kasimovian				Missourian				303.7
			Kasimovian				Desmoinesian				305.9 *
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	Desmoinesian				307
			Moscovian			Middle Pennsylvanian	Atokan				312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	Atokan		315.2
			Bashkirian			Early Pennsylvanian	Morrowan		318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Late Mississippian	Chesterian		323.2
			Visean			Middle Mississippian	Chesterian		330.9
							Meramecian		335.8 *
							Osagean		343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	Osagean		346.7
			Tournaisian			Early Mississippian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
			Telychian						Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian								Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian							Marjumian		500.5
	Wuliuan		Topazan							504.5
	Wuliuan		Delamaran							506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran							Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran								514
			Montezuman								514.8 *
			Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian		Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau	1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
															1400