PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Silurian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Silurian of England		Central Paratethys Stages	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian											Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean											Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian										Pannonian	Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian										Pannonian	Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian										Sarmatian	Astaracian	11.63
				Serravallian										Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian											Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian											Agenian	20
				Aquitanian											Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan										145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan										150
						Heterian										154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan										164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan										176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan										184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran										188.9
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
				Norian		Warepan										208.5
						Otamitan										217
						Oretian										221
				Carnian		Oretian										227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan										237
				Ladinian		Etalian										238
				Anisian		Etalian										242
				Anisian		Malakovian										246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian										247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian										249
				Induan		Nelsonian										251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan										251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan										251.902
Waiitian				Changhsingian		253.2
Waiitian				Wuchiapingian		254.14
Puruhauan				Wuchiapingian		254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian	266
			Roadian			266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian			Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian			Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian			Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian			Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian			Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian			Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian	323.2
			Visean			Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian			Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian			Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					Cayugan	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
							Cayugan		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
							Niagaran		Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian							425.6
			Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
			Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
			Telychian								436.3 *
			Aeronian								438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
							Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
												440.7 *
			Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
			Katian									445.2
			Sandbian									453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
			Jiangshanian									489.5
			Paibian									494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian									497
			Drumian									500.5
	Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																635