PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Silurian of North America			Cambrian of North America		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean								0
				Meghalayan					Santarosean								0.0004
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean								0.014
				Chibanian					Rancholabrean								0.129
				Chibanian					Irvingtonian								0.21
				Calabrian					Irvingtonian								0.774
				Calabrian					Blancan								1.4
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
				Zanclean													3.6
				Zanclean					Hemphillian								4.7
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian					Clarendonian								9.4
				Serravallian					Clarendonian								11.63
				Serravallian					Barstovian								12.5
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
									Hemingfordian								16.3
									Arikareean								18.5
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
				Rupelian													27.82
									Whitneyan								29.5
									Orellan								31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian								33.9
				Priabonian					Duchesnean								37
				Bartonian					Duchesnean								37.71
				Bartonian					Uintan								39.7
				Lutetian					Uintan								41.2
				Lutetian					Bridgerian								46.2
				Ypresian					Bridgerian								47.8
									Wasatchian								50.5
									Clarkforkian								54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Clarkforkian								56
				Thanetian					Tiffanian								56.2
				Selandian					Tiffanian								59.2
				Selandian					Torrejonian								60.9
				Danian					Torrejonian								61.6
				Danian					Puercan								63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan											145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan											150
						Heterian											154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan											164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
Aalenian				170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	174.7
			Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan	176
			Pliensbachian		Ururoan	184.2
			Pliensbachian		Aratauran	188.9
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
			Norian		Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
			Carnian		Oretian	227
			Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian		Etalian	238
			Anisian		Etalian	242
			Anisian		Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	Vokhmian	247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
			Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266
			Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	323.2
			Visean				Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
			Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec	Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian	Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Pragian	Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Lochkovian	Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan		419.2
		Pridoli							Niagaran		422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
									Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
													440.7 *
			Rhuddanian										440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										443.8
			Katian										445.2
			Sandbian										453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian										470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian										477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
			Stage 10											Sunwaptan	487.5
			Jiangshanian											Sunwaptan	489.5
			Jiangshanian											Steptoean	493 *
			Paibian											Steptoean	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Marjumian	Albertian †	497
			Drumian										Marjumian		500.5
			Wuliuan										Topazan		504.5
			Wuliuan										Delamaran		506.5
		Series 2	Stage 4										Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
Dyeran			Stage 4										511 *
Dyeran			Stage 3										514
Montezuman													514.8 *
Begadean													519.9 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian				720
		Tonian				Karatau								800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau								1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian								1100
		Ectasian		1200		Yurmatian
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																	1400