PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Germany	Carboniferous of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian of the Pamirs	Permian of the Salt Range	Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Miocene	Tortonian						Pannonian						7.246
				Serravallian						Sarmatian						11.63
				Serravallian						Badenian						12.8 *
				Langhian												13.82
				Burdigalian												15.98
				Aquitanian												20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian				23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					33.9
				Bartonian							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan					37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian								Bumbanian				47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Gashatan					56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Senonian	66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											Gallic	100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian											Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan										145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan										150
						Heterian										154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan										164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan										176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan										184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran										188.9
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
				Norian		Warepan										208.5
						Otamitan										217
						Oretian										221
				Carnian		Oretian										227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan										237
				Ladinian		Etalian										238
				Anisian		Etalian										242
				Anisian		Malakovian										246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian										247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian										249
				Induan		Nelsonian										251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan								Kathwai		251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian									Dorashamian	Kathwai		251.902
																252.4 *
														Chhidru		252.9 *
						Waiitian										253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian							Dzhulfian			254.14
						Puruhauan										254.2
														Kalabagh		255 *
Wargal							256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Midian	259.51
				Wordian				264.28
								265.3 *
						Barettian		266
Amb								266.1 *
							Murgabian	266.2 *
				Roadian				266.9
				Roadian				270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian	273.01
						Mangapirian	Kubergandian	276
							Bolorian	279.8
				Artinskian				283.5
						Telfordian		285
						Telfordian	Yakhtashian	286
							Yakhtashian	288.5
				Sakmarian			Sakmarian	290.1
				Asselian			Asselian	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
				Gzhelian				Xiaodushanian	300 *
				Kasimovian				Xiaodushanian	303.7
				Kasimovian				Dalaun	305.8 *
				Moscovian					307
				Bashkirian					315.2
								Huashibanian	318.5 *
								Lousuan	321.2 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Dewunian	323.2
				Serpukhovian				Shangsian	330.8 *
				Visean				Shangsian	330.9
				Visean				Jiusian	335 *
				Tournaisian				Tangbagouan	346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf		372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian		387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian		393.3
				Pragian				Siegen		407.6
				Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
			Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
			Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
			Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
			Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
				Aeronian						438.5
				Rhuddanian						440.8
		Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
				Katian							Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
				Sandbian									453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
	Aurelucian										456.8 *	Longvillian †
	Aurelucian										Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	Llanvirn						Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
			Darriwilian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
			Dapingian							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Dapingian	Arenig						Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician		Floian							Fennian			470
										Whitlandian			471.1 *
										Moridunian			474.3 *
			Tremadocian	Tremadoc						Migneintian			477.7
				Tremadoc						Cressagian			480.8 *
													485 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	509
Series 2		Stage 3	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran				Vendian							538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian				Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				Karatau	1000
		Stenian				Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan	1375
																1400