PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Precambrian of Russia	Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Cambrian of North America
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan						145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan						149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan						150
						Heterian						154.5
				Oxfordian								154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan						164.3
				Bathonian								165.3
				Bajocian								168.2
				Aalenian								170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian								174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan						176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan						184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran						188.9
				Sinemurian								192.9
				Hettangian								199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian						201.4
				Norian		Warepan						208.5
						Otamitan						217
						Oretian						221
				Carnian		Oretian						227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan						227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan						237
				Ladinian		Etalian						238
				Anisian		Etalian						242
				Anisian		Malakovian						246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian						247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian						249
				Induan		Nelsonian						251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan				Kathwai		251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Dorashamian		Kathwai		251.902
												252.4 *
										Chhidru		252.9 *
						Waiitian						253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Dzhulfian				254.14
						Puruhauan						254.2
										Kalabagh		255 *
										Wargal		256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		Midian				259.51
				Wordian								264.28
												265.3 *
						Barettian						266
										Amb		266.1 *
								Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian								266.9
				Roadian								270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian				273.01
						Mangapirian		Kubergandian				276
								Bolorian				279.8
				Artinskian								283.5
						Telfordian						285
						Telfordian		Yakhtashian				286
								Yakhtashian				288.5
				Sakmarian				Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian				Asselian				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
				Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian			300 *
				Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian			303.7
				Kasimovian					Dalaun			305.8 *
				Moscovian								307
				Bashkirian								315.2
									Huashibanian			318.5 *
									Lousuan			321.2 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian			323.2
Shangsian				Serpukhovian			330.8 *
Shangsian				Visean			330.9
Jiusian				Visean			335 *
Tournaisian				Tangbagouan			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
			Stage 10						Sunwaptan		487.5
			Jiangshanian						Sunwaptan		489.5
			Jiangshanian						Steptoean		493 *
	Paibian		494						Steptoean
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian				Albertian †		497
		Drumian	Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan						504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran				Waucoban †		509
		Stage 4	Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran						514
			Montezuman						514.8 *
			Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
												1400