PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permian of the Russian Platform		European Faunal Units	Devonian of Eastern North America		Carboniferous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene								0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene								0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene								0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene								1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene				Villanyian				2.58
				Piacenzian			Late Pliocene				Ruscinian				3.1 *
				Zanclean			Early Pliocene				Ruscinian				3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene				Turolian				5.333
				Tortonian							Turolian				7.246
				Tortonian							Vallesian				8.7
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene				Astaracian				11.63
				Langhian			Middle Miocene				Astaracian				13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene				Orleanian				15.98
				Burdigalian							Agenian				20
				Aquitanian							Agenian				20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene								23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene								27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene								33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene								37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene								41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene								47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene								56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene								59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene								61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian											125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan									145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan									150
						Heterian									154.5
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan									164.3
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan									176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan									184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran									188.9
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
				Norian		Warepan									208.5
						Otamitan									217
						Oretian									221
				Carnian		Oretian									227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan									237
				Ladinian		Etalian									238
				Anisian		Etalian									242
				Anisian		Malakovian									246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian									247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian									249
Induan				251.2		Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	254.14
					Puruhauan	254.2
					Puruhauan	Tatarian		Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian			Urzhumian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian			Urzhumian	266
			Roadian			Kazanian		Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian			Kazanian		Sokian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
					Mangapirian			Irenian/Ufimian	276
								Filipovian	276.5 *
								Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian			Artinskian		Sarginian	283.5
					Telfordian			Sarginian	285
								Irginian	285.9 *
								Burtsevian	287.8 *
								Burtsevian	288.5
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian		Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian			Asselian		Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
			Kasimovian					Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
			Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
			Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
			Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian		Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								485.4
			Jiangshanian								489.5
			Paibian								494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								497
			Guzhangian								Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian									500.5
			Wuliuan									504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4								Branchian	509
			Stage 3								Branchian	514
			Stage 3								Placentian	517.1
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
Fortunian		Terreneuvian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
															1400