PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126864 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Salt Range	Precambrian of Russia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Devonian of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Central Paratethys Stages	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene													0.129
				Calabrian			Early Pleistocene													0.774
				Gelasian			Early Pleistocene													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian			Late Pliocene												Tertiary †	2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean			Early Pliocene													3.6
			Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene													5.333
				Tortonian			Late Miocene											Pannonian		7.246
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene											Sarmatian		11.63
				Serravallian														Badenian		12.8 *
				Langhian																13.82
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene													15.98
				Aquitanian			Early Miocene													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene													23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian			Early Oligocene													27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene													33.9
				Bartonian			Middle Eocene													37.71
				Lutetian			Middle Eocene													41.2
				Ypresian			Early Eocene													47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene													56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene													59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan														145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan														149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan														150
						Heterian														154.5
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan														164.3
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian											Epizigzagiceras					168.2
				Bajocian											Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
				Aalenian											Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
					Herangi	Ururoan									Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					176
															Planulata					179.3 *
															Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
															Kanense					181.3 *
															Carlottense					182.3 *
															Kunae					183.5 *
				Pliensbachian											Kunae					184.2
															Freboldi					185.1 *
															Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras				186.2 *
						Aratauran									Whiteavesi/Imlayi					188.9
																				189.2 *
															Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis				190.3 *
				Sinemurian																192.9
															Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras			196.4 *
															Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
				Hettangian											Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian														201.4
				Norian		Warepan														208.5
Otamitan						217
Oretian						221
Oretian				Carnian		227
Gore				Carnian	Kaihikuan	227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Kaihikuan	237
				Ladinian	Etalian	238
				Anisian	Etalian	242
				Anisian	Malakovian	246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian	Malakovian	247.2
				Olenekian	Nelsonian	249
				Induan	Nelsonian	251.2
DUrville				Induan	Makarewan	Kathwai		251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Kathwai		251.902
								252.4 *
						Chhidru		252.9 *
					Waiitian			253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Waiitian			Longtanian †	254.14
					Puruhauan				254.2
						Kalabagh			255 *
						Wargal			256 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian				259.51
			Wordian						264.28
							265.3 *
					Barettian		266
						Amb	266.1 *
			Roadian			Amb	266.9
			Roadian				270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian				273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian		393.3
			Pragian				Siegen		407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian	443.8
			Katian						Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian						Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian								453
											Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
										Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
									Dobrotivian				458.5 *
									Oretanian				459.7 *
										Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian							Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian						Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
			Paibian										494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
			Drumian											500.5
			Wuliuan					Stage 5 †						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
	Series 2	Stage 3											514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian													Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian													Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian													Burzyan	1375
																				1400