PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126831 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Britain		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian Subages	Permian of North America		Cambrian of North America		Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan											150
				Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian		Warepan											208.5
				Otamitan											217
				Oretian											221
		Carnian		Oretian											227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian		Etalian											238
		Anisian		Etalian											242
		Anisian		Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian			Vokhmian								247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian											249
		Induan		Nelsonian											251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan											251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan											251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian											253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian								254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian								254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian		Flettian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Wordian						264.28
		Wordian		Barettian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		Wordian						266
		Roadian					Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Leonardian	Cathedralian					273.01
				Mangapirian						Cathedralian					276
										Hessian					281.9 *
		Artinskian													283.5
				Telfordian											285
				Telfordian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian					286.1 *
															288.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian								Nealian			Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian											Virgilian		298.9
		Kasimovian											Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian											Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian											Desmoinesian		307
		Moscovian											Atokan		312.7 *
		Bashkirian											Atokan		315.2
		Bashkirian											Morrowan		318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian											Chesterian		323.2
		Visean											Chesterian		330.9
													Meramecian		335.8 *
													Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian											Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian											Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
								Middle Famennian							365.3 *
								Early Famennian							368.5 *
		Frasnian						Late Frasnian						Adorf	372.2
					Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
					Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Late Givetian	Givetian		382.7
					Middle Givetian			383.7 *
					Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian			Late Eifelian	Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian			Early Eifelian	Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Late Emsian	Emsian		393.3
		Emsian			Early Emsian	Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian	Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	Gedinnine		410.8
					Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
											Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Sunwaptan	487.5
											Festiniogian				489.2 *
		Jiangshanian													489.5
														Steptoean	493 *
											Maentwrogian				493.1 *
		Paibian									Maentwrogian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids				Marjumian		Albertian †	497
		Drumian										Marjumian			500.5
		Wuliuan										Topazan			504.5
		Wuliuan					Delamaran					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran	Caerfai				Waucoban †		509
		Stage 4					Dyeran							511 *
		Stage 3					Dyeran							514
							Montezuman							514.8 *
							Begadean							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
															538.8