PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Nihewanian		Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian									Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian									Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Yushean		Late Pliocene						2.58
				Zanclean							Yushean		Early Pliocene						3.6
				Zanclean							Baodean		Early Pliocene						4.9
			Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian								Pannonian							7.246
				Tortonian							Tunggurian	Pannonian							11.1
				Serravallian								Sarmatian	Middle Miocene						11.63
				Serravallian								Badenian							12.8 *
				Langhian							Shanwangian								13.82
				Burdigalian							Shanwangian		Early Miocene						15.98
				Burdigalian							Xiejiaan								16.9
				Aquitanian							Xiejiaan								20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian									Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian									Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian									Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian									Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian									Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
				Campanian															72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan													145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan													149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan													150
						Heterian													154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan													164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan													176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan													184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran													188.9
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian													201.4
				Norian		Warepan													208.5
						Otamitan													217
						Oretian													221
				Carnian		Oretian													227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan													227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan													237
				Ladinian		Etalian													238
				Anisian		Etalian													242
				Anisian		Malakovian													246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian				Vokhmian									247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian		249
Nelsonian				Induan		251.2
DUrville				Induan	Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Makarewan		251.902
				Changhsingian	Waiitian		253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Waiitian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Wordian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Wordian	266
			Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Roadian	266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
					Mangapirian			Cathedralian	276
								Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian						283.5
					Telfordian				285
					Telfordian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
									288.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Kosovian	443.8
			Katian							Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian							Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian									453
												Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Liben †			458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
										Dobrotivian				458.5 *
										Oretanian				459.7 *
											Sarka †			461.7 *
			Dapingian								Klabava †			467.3
			Dapingian							Arenigian				468
		Early Ordovician	Floian							Arenigian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
			Jiangshanian											489.5
			Paibian											494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
			Guzhangian											Arcadian	498.4
			Drumian												500.5
			Wuliuan												504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4											Branchian	509
			Stage 3											Branchian	514
			Stage 3											Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																			635