PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of North America		Silurian of England		Central Paratethys Stages	Cambrian of China		Silurian of the Baltic					European Faunal Zones
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian															MN 17	1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian															MN 16	2.58
				Piacenzian															MN 15	3.2
				Zanclean															MN 15	3.6
																			MN 14	4.2
																			MN 13	4.9
			Miocene	Messinian															MN 13	5.333
				Tortonian							Pannonian								MN 12	7.246
																			MN 11	7.75
																			MN 10	8.7
																			MN 9	9.7
																			MN 7 + 8	11.1
				Serravallian							Sarmatian								MN 7 + 8	11.63
				Serravallian							Badenian								MN 6	12.8 *
				Langhian															MN 5	13.82
				Burdigalian															MN 4	15.98
																			MN 3	16.9
																			MN 2	20
				Aquitanian															MN 2	20.44
				Aquitanian															MN 1	22.4
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian																27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian																33.9
				Bartonian																37.71
				Lutetian																41.2
				Ypresian																47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian																56
				Selandian																59.2
				Danian																61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
				Campanian																72.1
				Santonian																83.6
				Coniacian																86.3
				Turonian																89.8
				Cenomanian																93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
				Aptian																113
				Barremian																121.4
				Hauterivian																125.77
				Valanginian																132.6
				Berriasian																139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan														145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan														149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan														150
						Heterian														154.5
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan														164.3
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan														176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan														184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran														188.9
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian														201.4
				Norian		Warepan														208.5
						Otamitan														217
						Oretian														221
				Carnian		Oretian														227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan														227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan														237
Etalian				Ladinian		238
Etalian				Anisian		242
Malakovian				Anisian		246
Malakovian			Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
Nelsonian				Olenekian		249
Nelsonian				Induan		251.2
DUrville				Induan	Makarewan	251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Makarewan	251.902
				Changhsingian	Waiitian	253.2
				Wuchiapingian	Waiitian	254.14
				Wuchiapingian	Puruhauan	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian	266
			Roadian			266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			407.6
			Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli				Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Ohesaare	419.2
							Bringewood/Elton	Ohesaare	421.3
							Bringewood/Elton	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian				Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						425.6
			Gorstian				Buildwas		426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian				Buildwas	Rootsikula	427.4
						Wych	Woolhope	Rootsikula	428.4 *
								Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
								Adavere	434 *
									436.3 *
			Aeronian						438.5
						Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
								Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
			Katian							Gamachian	445.2
										Richmondian	446 *
										Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian		450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
			Sandbian							Chatfieldian		453
										Turinian		453.7 *
									Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
			Dapingian										467.3
			Dapingian							Rangerian			469.1 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
			Floian							Tulean				473.9 *
			Tremadocian							Tulean				477.7
	Stairsian									480.3 *
	Skullrockian									Demingian †			482 *
Cambrian	Skullrockian	Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Late Cambrian		485.4
	Sunwaptan		Stage 10								Niuchehean					487.5
	Sunwaptan		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian					489.5
	Steptoean		Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian					493 *
			Paibian								Paibian					494
			Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Marjumian							Albertian †	Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Middle Cambrian			497
		Drumian	Marjumian								Drumian	Wangcunian †				500.5
		Wuliuan	Topazan								Wuliuan/Taijangian					504.5
		Wuliuan	Delamaran								Wuliuan/Taijangian					506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Delamaran	Waucoban †	Duyunian					Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4	Dyeran		Duyunian						511 *
		Stage 3	Dyeran		Nangaoian						514
			Montezuman								514.8 *
			Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian						521
		Fortunian			Meishucunian						529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian						530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
																				635