PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Siberia			Carboniferous of China	Devonian Subages	Permian of the Russian Platform
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan								150
				Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian		Warepan								208.5
				Otamitan								217
				Oretian								221
		Carnian		Oretian								227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian		Etalian								238
		Anisian		Etalian								242
		Anisian		Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian								249
		Induan		Nelsonian								251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan								251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian								253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian								254.14
				Puruhauan								254.2
				Puruhauan						Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian							Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian							Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian		Barettian							Urzhumian	266
		Roadian								Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian								Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
				Mangapirian							Irenian/Ufimian	276
											Filipovian	276.5 *
											Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian								Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
				Telfordian							Sarginian	285
											Irginian	285.9 *
											Burtsevian	287.8 *
											Burtsevian	288.5
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian								Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
											Uskalykian	294.8
											Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Gzhelian						Xiaodushanian				300 *
		Kasimovian						Xiaodushanian				303.7
		Kasimovian						Dalaun				305.8 *
		Moscovian										307
		Bashkirian										315.2
								Huashibanian				318.5 *
								Lousuan				321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Dewunian				323.2
		Serpukhovian						Shangsian				330.8 *
		Visean			330.9			Shangsian
		Visean			Jiusian	335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian	358.9
						Middle Famennian	365.3 *
						Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian				Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian				Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian				Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Tremadocian					477.7
		Tremadocian					Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			485.4
		Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian					489.5
							Aksaian					490.7 *
							Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian										494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Ayusokkanian					497
		Guzhangian					Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian					Mayan/Menevian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Amgan/Solvan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Amgan/Solvan					509
							Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
			Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian	514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian				521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †			529
												538.8