PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128255 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of Britain			Cretaceous Subepochs	Carboniferous of North America	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of North America	Permian of the Salt Range
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				33.9
		Bartonian										Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan				37.71
		Lutetian														41.2
		Ypresian											Bumbanian			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Gashatan				56
		Selandian														59.2
		Danian														61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Senonian						66
		Campanian														72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic						100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian								Neocomian						125.77
		Valanginian														132.6
		Berriasian														139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan												145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan												149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan												150
				Heterian												154.5
		Oxfordian														154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan												164.3
		Bathonian														165.3
		Bajocian														168.2
		Aalenian														170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan												176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan												184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran												188.9
		Sinemurian														192.9
		Hettangian														199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian												201.4
		Norian		Warepan												208.5
				Otamitan												217
				Oretian												221
		Carnian		Oretian												227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan												227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan												237
		Ladinian		Etalian												238
		Anisian		Etalian												242
		Anisian		Malakovian												246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian												247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian												249
		Induan		Nelsonian												251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan											Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Kathwai	251.902
																252.4 *
															Chhidru	252.9 *
				Waiitian												253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian												254.14
				Puruhauan												254.2
															Kalabagh	255 *
															Wargal	256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian												259.51
		Wordian														264.28
																265.3 *
				Barettian												266
															Amb	266.1 *
		Roadian			266.9										Amb
		Roadian				270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian		283.5
				Telfordian		285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian				Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian				Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian				Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian				Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian				Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian				Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian	323.2
		Visean				Chesterian	330.9
						Meramecian	335.8 *
						Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian				Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian				Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan	445.2
								Cautleyan	448.9 *
								Pusgillian	449.3 *
							Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan		451.5 *
								Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian								453
									Actonian †	453.2 *
									Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
									Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
		Dapingian					Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian			470
								Whitlandian			471.1 *
								Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian					Ungurian	Tremadoc			Migneintian	477.7
					Cressagian			Tremadoc			480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Datsonian				Batyrbaian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
							Payntonian						486.8 *
							Payntonian						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian	Iverian	489.5
				Aksaian			490.7 *
				Sakian			492.2 *
							Steptoean				493 *
		Paibian	Idamean				Steptoean				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			Marjumian				Albertian †	497
			Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian								499
			Boomerangian									499.5
		Drumian	Undillan	Zhanaarykian								500.5
		Drumian	Floran	Tuesaian								503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian	Tuesaian			Topazan					504.5
							Topazan					505.3
							Delamaran					506.5
			Ordian									507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4									Waucoban †	509
				Toyonian								510 *
						510.8 *
						Dyeran	511 *
				Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3					514
						Montezuman	514.8 *
				Atdabanian		Montezuman	515.6 *
				Atdabanian		Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian			521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian					529
																538.8