PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128010 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of China			Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of North America						Permian of the Salt Range	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan																	145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan																	149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan																	150
				Heterian																	154.5
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan																	164.3
		Bathonian																			165.3
		Bajocian																			168.2
		Aalenian																			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																			174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan																	176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan																	184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran																	188.9
		Sinemurian																			192.9
		Hettangian																			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian																	201.4
		Norian		Warepan																	208.5
				Otamitan																	217
				Oretian																	221
		Carnian		Oretian																	227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan																	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan																	237
		Ladinian		Etalian																	238
		Anisian		Etalian																	242
		Anisian		Malakovian																	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian																	247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian																	249
		Induan		Nelsonian																	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan											Kathwai						251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													Kathwai						251.902
																					252.4 *
															Chhidru						252.9 *
				Waiitian																	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian																	254.14
				Puruhauan																	254.2
															Kalabagh						255 *
															Wargal						256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian																	259.51
		Wordian																			264.28
																					265.3 *
				Barettian																	266
															Amb						266.1 *
		Roadian													Amb						266.9
		Roadian																			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian																			273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian																	276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian																	283.5
				Telfordian																	285
																					288.5
		Sakmarian																			290.1
		Asselian																			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														Late Pennsylvanian					298.9
		Kasimovian														Late Pennsylvanian					303.7
		Moscovian														Middle Pennsylvanian					307
		Bashkirian														Early Pennsylvanian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian														Late Mississippian					323.2
		Visean														Middle Mississippian					330.9
		Tournaisian														Early Mississippian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian																			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian																			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian																			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian																			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian																			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Kosovian	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian				Gamachian	Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
						Chientangkiangian				Richmondian			446 *
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
											Berounian		449.7 *
										Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian				450.4 *
									Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian								Chatfieldian				453
										Turinian				453.7 *
										Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice			Letna †	456.2 *
									Whiterockian				Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice				Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
												Liben †							458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo												458.4
											Dobrotivian								458.5 *
											Oretanian								459.7 *
												Sarka †							461.7 *
							Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				Sarka †							466.3 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian						Klabava †							467.3
											Arenigian								468
										Rangerian									469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian			Ibexian	Blackhillsian								Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian				Yiyangian				Tulean										473.9 *
		Tremadocian				Xinchangian					Tremadocian									477.7
								Lianghekou †												477.9 *
										Stairsian										480.3 *
										Skullrockian									Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Skullrockian										485.4
																					487.5