PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127681 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of China			Devonian of France	Cambrian of China		Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan														145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan														149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan														150
						Heterian														154.5
				Oxfordian																154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan														164.3
				Bathonian																165.3
				Bajocian																168.2
				Aalenian																170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan														176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan														184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran														188.9
				Sinemurian																192.9
				Hettangian																199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian														201.4
				Norian		Warepan														208.5
						Otamitan														217
						Oretian														221
				Carnian		Oretian														227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan														227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan														237
				Ladinian		Etalian														238
				Anisian		Etalian														242
				Anisian		Malakovian														246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian														247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian														249
				Induan		Nelsonian														251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan														251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan										Dorashamian				251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian										Dorashamian				253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian							Zechstein			Dzhulfian				254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan							Zechstein			Dzhulfian				254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian							Rotliegendes			Midian				259.51
				Wordian		Flettian														264.28
						Barettian														266
																Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian												Murgabian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												Kubergandian				273.01
						Mangapirian										Kubergandian				276
																Bolorian				279.8
				Artinskian									Autunian							283.5
						Telfordian														285
						Telfordian										Yakhtashian				286
																Yakhtashian				288.5
				Sakmarian												Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian												Asselian				293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian																298.9
				Kasimovian																303.7
				Moscovian																307
				Bashkirian																315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian																323.2
				Visean																330.9
				Tournaisian																346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Famennian										358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian						Frasnian										372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian										382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Couvinien										387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian																393.3
				Pragian																407.6
				Pragian						Coblencien										408.2 *
				Lochkovian						Gedinnine										410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli																	419.2
Ludlow			Ludfordian	423
Ludlow			Gorstian	425.6
Wenlock			Homerian	427.4
Wenlock			Sheinwoodian	430.5
Llandovery			Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian			Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian	Chientangkiangian				Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					449.5
			Sandbian	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian					470
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian					477.7
			Tremadocian	Xinchangian				Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	Merioneth		Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10						Niuchehean					Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian					Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian						Jiangshanian					Maentwrogian	493.1 *
			Paibian						Paibian						494
			Paibian						Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Guzhangian		Wangcunian †	St Davids			497
			Drumian						Drumian		Wangcunian †				500.5
			Wuliuan						Wuliuan/Taijangian						504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Duyunian			Caerfai			509
		Series 2	Stage 3						Nangaoian						514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Meishucunian						521
			Fortunian						Meishucunian						529
	Jinnigian		Fortunian						530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran															Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran															Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																		635
		Tonian																		720
		Tonian																	Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																	Karatau	1000
		Stenian																	Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian																	Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian																	Burzyan	1375
																				1400