PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126849 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Carboniferous of China	Permian of the Russian Platform		Permian of the Salt Range
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian					Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian					Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian								33.9
				Bartonian					Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan								37.71
				Lutetian													41.2
				Ypresian						Bumbanian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian					Gashatan								56
				Selandian													59.2
				Danian													61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan											145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan											150
						Heterian											154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan											164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
				Aalenian													170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan											176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan											184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran											188.9
				Sinemurian													192.9
				Hettangian													199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
				Norian		Warepan											208.5
						Otamitan											217
						Oretian											221
				Carnian		Oretian											227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan											237
				Ladinian		Etalian											238
				Anisian		Etalian											242
				Anisian		Malakovian											246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian											247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian											249
				Induan		Nelsonian											251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan										Kathwai	251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian												Kathwai	251.902
																	252.4 *
																Chhidru	252.9 *
						Waiitian											253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian											254.14
						Puruhauan											254.2
																Kalabagh	255 *
																Wargal	256 *
														Tatarian	Vyatkian		256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian									Severodvinian		259.51
				Wordian											Urzhumian		264.28
																	265.3 *
						Barettian											266
Amb							266.1 *
Amb				Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian			266.9
Sokian				Roadian			Kazanian				270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian	Kungurian			Irenian/Ufimian				273.01
						Mangapirian	Irenian/Ufimian				276
							Filipovian				276.5 *
							Saraninian			280.1 *
			Artinskian	Artinskian			Sarginian		283.5
						Telfordian	Sarginian		285
							Irginian		285.9 *
							Burtsevian		287.8 *
							Burtsevian		288.5
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Sterlitamakian		290.1
			Sakmarian	Sakmarian			Tastubian		291.7 *
			Asselian	Asselian			Shikhanian		293.52
							Uskalykian		294.8
							Surenian		297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
			Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian							Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian							307
			Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian							315.2
										Huashibanian	318.5 *
										Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian						Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian						Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean	Middle Mississippian						Shangsian	330.9
			Visean	Middle Mississippian						Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian	Early Mississippian						Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian		Pridoli									Cayugan	419.2
		Pridoli									Niagaran	422.5 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
		Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian									Lockportian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian									Ontarian	433.4
			Aeronian										438.5
													Alexandrian	438.7 *
											Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
														440.7 *
			Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Bolindian				443.8
			Katian								Bolindian				445.2
	Eastonian										449 *
	Gisbornian										452 *
	Gisbornian		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian								458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian								467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian								468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian								470
			Bendigonian								471.8 *
			Lancefieldian								473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian								Ungurian				477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian								Ungurian				482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian				485.4
		Jiangshanian									Batyrbaian				489.5
											Aksaian				490.7 *
											Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian						494			Sakian
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian									499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan						Tuesaian			504.5
		Wuliuan									505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4									509
								Toyonian			510 *
					Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian	514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian	521
		Stage 2				525.5
		Fortunian				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian †	Wonokan †		571.7 *
																	635