PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126929 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Permian of North America		Cambrian of North America		Permian of the Pamirs	Devonian of France	Ordovician of Britain
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan													145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan													149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan													150
				Heterian													154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan													164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan													176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan													184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran													188.9
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian													201.4
		Norian		Warepan													208.5
				Otamitan													217
				Oretian													221
		Carnian		Oretian													227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan													227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan													237
		Ladinian		Etalian													238
		Anisian		Etalian													242
		Anisian		Malakovian													246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian													247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian													249
		Induan		Nelsonian													251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan													251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan							Dorashamian						251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian							Dorashamian						253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian							Dzhulfian						254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan							Dzhulfian						254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			Capitanian				Midian						259.51
		Wordian		Flettian			Wordian										264.28
				Barettian													266
											Murgabian						266.2 *
		Roadian					Roadian				Murgabian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian			Kubergandian						273.01
				Mangapirian							Kubergandian						276
											Bolorian						279.8
								Hessian									281.9 *
		Artinskian															283.5
				Telfordian													285
											Yakhtashian						286
							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian									286.1 *
																	288.5
		Sakmarian									Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						Nealian			Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian											298.9
		Kasimovian				Late Pennsylvanian											303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian											307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian											323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian											330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian											346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										Couvinien					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian															393.3
		Pragian															407.6
		Pragian										Coblencien					408.2 *
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian	Ashgill		Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian										Rawtheyan	445.2
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
									Eastonian			Cautleyan	449 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc		Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
												Cheneyan		451.5 *
									Gisbornian			Cheneyan		452 *
												Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian												453
													Actonian †	453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
												Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian							Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian							Yapeenian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
									Yapeenian	Arenig		Fennian			468.4 *
									Castlemainian						468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian							Chewtonian						470
									Chewtonian			Whitlandian			471.1 *
									Bendigonian						471.8 *
									Lancefieldian						473.5 *
												Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian								Tremadoc		Migneintian			477.7
												Cressagian			480.8 *
									Warendian			Cressagian			482.8 *
									Warendian						485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10														Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian														Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian														Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian														Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian													Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan													Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan													Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Waucoban †	509											Delamaran
		Stage 4		Dyeran											511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran											514
				Montezuman			514.8 *
				Begadean			519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
																	538.8