PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of North America		Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Permian of the Pamirs	Carboniferous of North America	Precambrian of Russia	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan													145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan													149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan													150
						Heterian													154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan													164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan													176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan													184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran													188.9
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian													201.4
				Norian		Warepan													208.5
						Otamitan													217
						Oretian													221
				Carnian		Oretian													227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan													227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan													237
				Ladinian		Etalian													238
				Anisian		Etalian													242
				Anisian		Malakovian													246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian													247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian													249
				Induan		Nelsonian													251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan													251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan									Dorashamian				251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian									Dorashamian				253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian									Dzhulfian				254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan									Dzhulfian				254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian					Capitanian				Midian				259.51
				Wordian		Flettian					Wordian								264.28
						Barettian													266
															Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian							Roadian				Murgabian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Leonardian	Cathedralian			Kubergandian				273.01
						Mangapirian									Kubergandian				276
															Bolorian				279.8
												Hessian							281.9 *
				Artinskian															283.5
						Telfordian													285
															Yakhtashian				286
											Wolfcampian	Lenoxian							286.1 *
																			288.5
				Sakmarian											Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian								Nealian			Asselian	Bursumian †			293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian												Virgilian			298.9
				Kasimovian												Missourian			303.7
				Kasimovian												Desmoinesian			305.9 *
				Moscovian												Desmoinesian			307
				Moscovian												Atokan			312.7 *
				Bashkirian												Atokan			315.2
				Bashkirian												Morrowan			318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian												Chesterian			323.2
				Visean												Chesterian			330.9
																Meramecian			335.8 *
																Osagean			343.1 *
				Tournaisian												Osagean			346.7
				Tournaisian												Kinderhookian			351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
Frasnian			Late Devonian	Adorf			372.2
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Givetian			382.7
Middle Devonian			Eifelian	Eifelian			387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian	Siegen			407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian	443.8
			Katian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Katian				Berounian		449.7 *
			Sandbian						453
									Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †			456.2 *
								Liben †					458 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
							Dobrotivian						458.5 *
							Oretanian						459.7 *
								Sarka †					461.7 *
			Dapingian					Klabava †					467.3
			Dapingian				Arenigian						468
		Early Ordovician	Floian				Arenigian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
			Jiangshanian										489.5
	Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian †			Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran												Vendian †			Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian																Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																Karatau	1000
		Stenian																Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian																Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian																Burzyan	1375
																			1400