PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of North America			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of China	Cambrian of Australia	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													Tertiary †			Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean																Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean																Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian																Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian																Tunggurian	11.63
		Langhian																Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian																Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian																Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian																Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan															145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan															149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan															150
				Heterian															154.5
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan															164.3
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																	168.2
		Aalenian																	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan															176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan															184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran															188.9
		Sinemurian																	192.9
		Hettangian																	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian															201.4
		Norian		Warepan															208.5
				Otamitan															217
				Oretian															221
		Carnian		Oretian															227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan															227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan															237
		Ladinian		Etalian															238
		Anisian		Etalian															242
		Anisian		Malakovian															246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian															247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian															249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Meishanian	251.902
				Waiitian	Meishanian	253.2
					Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Laoshanian	Zechstein	Longtanian †	254.14
				Puruhauan	Laoshanian			254.2
				Puruhauan	Laibinian			257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Lengwuan	Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	Kuhfengian			264.28
		Wordian		Barettian				266
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian			273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian				276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian		Autunian		283.5
				Telfordian				285
				Telfordian	Longlinian			285.4 *
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Cayugan	Ohesaare	419.2
								Cayugan	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
								Niagaran	Kaugetuma	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian							Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian							Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian							Lockportian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian								Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian								Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian									438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
										Raikkula		439.4 *
								Medinan	Clinton			440.1 *
												440.7 *
		Rhuddanian										440.8
		Rhuddanian								Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Kosovian		443.8
		Katian									Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian									Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian												453
														Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
													Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
											Dobrotivian					458.5 *
											Oretanian					459.7 *
													Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian											Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian									Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10														Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian														Iverian	489.5
		Paibian														Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Mindyallan									Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian					Boomerangian										499
		Drumian					Undillan										500.5
		Drumian					Floran										503
		Wuliuan					Templetonian										Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan					Ordian										Stage 5 †	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4					Ordian											509
																			510.8 *