PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127777 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian Ages of Europe	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permian of China	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan									145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan									150
						Heterian									154.5
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan									164.3
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan									176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan									184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran									188.9
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
				Norian		Warepan									208.5
						Otamitan									217
						Oretian									221
				Carnian		Oretian									227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan									237
				Ladinian		Etalian									238
				Anisian		Etalian									242
				Anisian		Malakovian									246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian									247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian									249
				Induan		Nelsonian									251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan									251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan					Meishanian				251.902
						Waiitian					Meishanian				253.2
											Baoqingian				253.4 *
				Wuchiapingian							Laoshanian				254.14
						Puruhauan					Laoshanian				254.2
						Puruhauan					Laibinian				257.7 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian					Lengwuan				259.51
				Wordian		Flettian					Kuhfengian				264.28
				Wordian		Barettian									266
				Roadian											266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian							Luodianian				273.01
				Kungurian		Mangapirian									276
				Artinskian		Mangapirian									283.5
						Telfordian									285
						Telfordian					Longlinian				285.4 *
															288.5
				Sakmarian											290.1
				Asselian							Zisongian		Bursumian †		293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Zisongian		Virgilian		298.9
				Gzhelian									Virgilian		300.1
				Kasimovian									Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian									Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian									Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian									Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian									Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian									Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian									Chesterian		323.2
				Visean									Chesterian		330.9
													Meramecian		335.8 *
													Osagean		343.1 *
				Tournaisian									Osagean		346.7
				Tournaisian									Kinderhookian		351.9 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian										Adorf	372.2
Middle Devonian			Givetian	Givetian			382.7
Middle Devonian			Eifelian	Eifelian			387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	Emsian			393.3
			Pragian	Siegen			407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian				Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian		485.4
			Jiangshanian					Jiangshanian		Batyrbaian		489.5
										Aksaian		490.7 *
										Sakian		492.2 *
			Paibian					Paibian				494
			Paibian					Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	Ayusokkanian		497
			Guzhangian					Guzhangian				499.5
			Drumian					Drumian		Zhanaarykian		500.5
	Tuesaian		Drumian					Drumian		503
	Tuesaian		Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
			Wuliuan					Wuliuan/Taijangian		505.3
		Series 2	Stage 4					Duyunian		509
	Toyonian									510 *
	Botomian									512.5 *
	Botomian		Stage 3					Nangaoian		514
	Atdabanian		Stage 3					Nangaoian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Meishucunian					Tommotian		521
		Stage 2								525.5
		Fortunian								529
		Fortunian	Jinnigian							530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian			Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau	1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
															1400