PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan								150
						Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian		Warepan								208.5
						Otamitan								217
						Oretian								221
				Carnian		Oretian								227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian		Etalian								238
				Anisian		Etalian								242
				Anisian		Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian								247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian								249
				Induan		Nelsonian								251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan								251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian								253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian								254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan								254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian								259.51
				Wordian		Flettian								264.28
				Wordian		Barettian								266
				Roadian										266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
				Kungurian		Mangapirian								276
				Artinskian		Mangapirian								283.5
						Telfordian								285
														288.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian										293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian						298.9
				Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian					300 *
				Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian					303.7
				Kasimovian					Dalaun					305.8 *
				Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian						307
				Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian						315.2
									Huashibanian					318.5 *
									Lousuan					321.2 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	Dewunian					323.2
				Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian	Shangsian					330.8 *
				Visean				Middle Mississippian	Shangsian					330.9
				Visean				Middle Mississippian	Jiusian					335 *
				Tournaisian				Early Mississippian	Tangbagouan					346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko							382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Chotec							387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian							393.3
				Pragian			Pragian							407.6
Lochkovian				Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli					419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
		Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
			Tremadocian				477.7
			Tremadocian				Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian			Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian					489.5
							Aksaian					490.7 *
							Sakian					492.2 *
			Paibian									494
			Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian					497
			Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian					499.5
			Drumian				Mayan/Menevian					500.5
			Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Amgan/Solvan					509
							Toyonian			Lenian †		510 *
							Botomian					512.5 *
	Stage 3		514				Botomian
	Stage 3		Atdabanian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian							521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian				Manykaian †			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
														1400