PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of Britain		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran			0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian							Castlecliffian			0.34
				Calabrian							Castlecliffian			0.774
				Calabrian							Nukumaruan			1.63
				Gelasian							Nukumaruan			1.8
				Gelasian							Mangapanian			2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian			2.58
				Piacenzian							Waipipian			3
				Zanclean							Waipipian			3.6
				Zanclean							Opoitian			3.7
			Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
				Messinian							Tongaporutuan			7.2
				Tortonian							Tongaporutuan			7.246
				Tortonian						Southland	Waiauan			11.04
				Serravallian							Waiauan			11.63
				Serravallian							Lillburnian			13.05
				Langhian							Lillburnian			13.82
											Clifdenian			15.1
										Pareora	Altonian			15.9
				Burdigalian							Altonian			15.98
				Burdigalian							Otaian			18.7
				Aquitanian							Otaian			20.44
				Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian			21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian			23.03
											Duntroonian			25.2
											Whaingaroan			27.3
				Rupelian										27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
										Arnold	Runangan			34.6
											Kaiatan			36.7
				Bartonian							Kaiatan			37.71
				Bartonian							Bortonian			39.1
				Lutetian							Bortonian			41.2
										Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
											Heretaungan			45.7
				Ypresian							Heretaungan			47.8
											Mangaorapan			48.9
											Waipawan			52
			Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian			56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian			66
				Campanian							Haumurian			72.1
				Santonian							Piripauan			83.6
				Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
											Mangaotanean			90.5
											Arowhanan			93.7
				Cenomanian							Arowhanan			93.9
										Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
											Motuan			99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan			100.5
											Urutawan			103.3
										Taitai	Korangan			108.4
				Aptian							Korangan			113
				Aptian										117.5
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan		145
			Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
				Kawhia	Ohauan		150
					Heterian		154.5
			Oxfordian				154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
			Callovian		Temaikan		164.3
			Bathonian				165.3
			Bajocian				168.2
			Aalenian				170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
			Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan		176
			Pliensbachian		Ururoan		184.2
			Pliensbachian		Aratauran		188.9
			Sinemurian				192.9
			Hettangian				199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
			Norian		Warepan		208.5
					Otamitan		217
					Oretian		221
			Carnian		Oretian		227
			Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan		227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan		237
			Ladinian		Etalian		238
			Anisian		Etalian		242
			Anisian		Malakovian		246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian		247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian		249
			Induan		Nelsonian		251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan		251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan		251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Zechstein	254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		Zechstein	254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		Rotliegendes	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian			264.28
			Wordian		Barettian			266
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian			276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian		Autunian	283.5
					Telfordian			285
								288.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian			Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani			433.4
			Telychian			Adavere			434 *
			Aeronian			Adavere			438.5
			Aeronian			Raikkula			439.4 *
			Rhuddanian			Raikkula			440.8
			Rhuddanian			Juuru			441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
			Stage 10							Festiniogian	489.2 *
			Jiangshanian							Festiniogian	489.5
			Jiangshanian							Maentwrogian	493.1 *
			Paibian							Maentwrogian	494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids		497
			Drumian								500.5
			Wuliuan								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4						Caerfai		509
		Series 2	Stage 3								514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian								529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran										Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian											635
		Tonian											720
		Tonian										Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian										Karatau	1000
		Stenian										Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian										Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian										Burzyan	1375
														1400