PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Cambrian of Siberia			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of the Baltic	European Faunal Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †				Villanyian	2.58
				Piacenzian											Ruscinian	3.1 *
				Zanclean											Ruscinian	3.6
			Miocene	Messinian											Turolian	5.333
				Tortonian											Turolian	7.246
				Tortonian											Vallesian	8.7
				Serravallian											Astaracian	11.63
				Langhian											Astaracian	13.82
				Burdigalian											Orleanian	15.98
				Burdigalian											Agenian	20
				Aquitanian											Agenian	20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												33.9
				Bartonian												37.71
				Lutetian												41.2
				Ypresian												47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan										145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan										150
						Heterian										154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan										164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan										176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan										184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran										188.9
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
				Norian		Warepan										208.5
						Otamitan										217
						Oretian										221
				Carnian		Oretian										227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan										237
				Ladinian		Etalian										238
				Anisian		Etalian										242
				Anisian		Malakovian										246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian										247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian										249
				Induan		Nelsonian										251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan										251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan										251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian										253.2
Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †		Waiitian	254.14
Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †		Puruhauan	254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian		Flettian		264.28
			Wordian		Barettian		266
			Roadian				266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian				273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
			Kasimovian				303.7
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
			Visean				330.9
			Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
			Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
			Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
			Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
			Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
			Telychian					Adavere	434 *
			Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
			Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
			Katian						445.2
			Sandbian						453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian						470
			Tremadocian						477.7
			Tremadocian						Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian			489.5
									Aksaian			490.7 *
									Sakian			492.2 *
			Paibian									494
			Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Ayusokkanian			Series 3 †	497
			Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian				499.5
			Drumian						Mayan/Menevian				500.5
			Wuliuan			Amgan/Solvan			Stage 5 †				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4			Amgan/Solvan							509
						Toyonian				Lenian †			510 *
	Botomian					512.5 *
	Botomian		Stage 3			514
	Atdabanian		Stage 3							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian							521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian			Manykaian †				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		1200										Yurmatian
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																1400