PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	Silurian of England		Permian of the Russian Platform		Ordovician of the Baltic				North American Land Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Saintaugustinean	0
				Meghalayan												Santarosean	0.0004
				Northgrippian													0.0042
				Greenlandian													0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
				Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean	0.014
				Chibanian												Rancholabrean	0.129
				Chibanian												Irvingtonian	0.21
				Calabrian												Irvingtonian	0.774
				Calabrian												Blancan	1.4
				Gelasian													1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
				Zanclean													3.6
				Zanclean												Hemphillian	4.7
			Miocene	Messinian													5.333
				Tortonian													7.246
				Tortonian												Clarendonian	9.4
				Serravallian												Clarendonian	11.63
				Serravallian												Barstovian	12.5
				Langhian													13.82
				Burdigalian													15.98
																Hemingfordian	16.3
																Arikareean	18.5
				Aquitanian													20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
				Rupelian													27.82
																Whitneyan	29.5
																Orellan	31.8
			Eocene	Priabonian												Chadronian	33.9
				Priabonian												Duchesnean	37
				Bartonian												Duchesnean	37.71
				Bartonian												Uintan	39.7
				Lutetian												Uintan	41.2
				Lutetian												Bridgerian	46.2
				Ypresian												Bridgerian	47.8
																Wasatchian	50.5
																Clarkforkian	54.9
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Clarkforkian	56
				Thanetian												Tiffanian	56.2
				Selandian												Tiffanian	59.2
				Selandian												Torrejonian	60.9
				Danian												Torrejonian	61.6
				Danian												Puercan	63.8
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
				Campanian													72.1
				Santonian													83.6
				Coniacian													86.3
				Turonian													89.8
				Cenomanian													93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
				Aptian													113
				Barremian													121.4
				Hauterivian													125.77
				Valanginian													132.6
				Berriasian													139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan											145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan											150
						Heterian											154.5
				Oxfordian													154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan											164.3
				Bathonian													165.3
				Bajocian													168.2
Aalenian				170.9
Early Jurassic			Toarcian	174.7
			Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan	176
			Pliensbachian		Ururoan	184.2
			Pliensbachian		Aratauran	188.9
			Sinemurian			192.9
			Hettangian			199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian	201.4
			Norian		Warepan	208.5
					Otamitan	217
					Oretian	221
			Carnian		Oretian	227
			Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
			Ladinian		Etalian	238
			Anisian		Etalian	242
			Anisian		Malakovian	246
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
			Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
			Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
			Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Dorashamian	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian	Dorashamian	253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Dzhulfian	254.14
					Puruhauan		254.2
					Puruhauan		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Severodvinian		Midian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	Urzhumian			264.28
					Barettian				266
								Murgabian	266.2 *
			Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian		266.9
			Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian		270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	Kubergandian	273.01
					Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian		276
							Filipovian		276.5 *
							Filipovian	Bolorian	279.8
							Saraninian		280.1 *
			Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian		283.5
					Telfordian		Sarginian		285
							Irginian		285.9 *
							Irginian	Yakhtashian	286
							Burtsevian		287.8 *
							Burtsevian		288.5
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	Sakmarian	290.1
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian	Sakmarian	291.7 *
			Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian	Asselian	293.52
							Uskalykian		294.8
							Surenian		297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
			Pragian						Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian									425.6
			Gorstian								Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian							Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
			Telychian									436.3 *
			Aeronian									438.5
			Aeronian							Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
			Rhuddanian							Cowleigh Park		440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian										Pirgu	445.2
													Vormsi	449.6 *
													Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
												Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
													Oandu		452 *
			Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
													Haljala		453.9
													Kukruse		456.4 *
													Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	458.4										Uhaku
			Lasnamagi										458.9 *
			Aseri										460.4 *
			Oeland									Kunda	462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
												Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian										Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian										Billingen			469.3 *
Early Ordovician		Floian													470
													Latorp †		470.1 *
												Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian										Hunneberg			477.7
												Varangu			481.3 *
												Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Pakerort			485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		509
	Series 2	Stage 3		514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													538.8
		Cryogenian				635
		Tonian				720
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				1000
		Ectasian				1200
		Calymmian				1400
	Paleoproterozoic	Statherian				1600
		Orosirian				1800
		Rhyacian				2050
		Siderian				2300
Archean	Neoarchean					2500
	Mesoarchean					2800
	Paleoarchean					3200
	Eoarchean					3600
Hadean						4000
																	4600