PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of Western Europe	Obsolete Names for ICS Units		Neogene Mammal Ages of China
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Nihewanian	0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †		Yushean	2.58
		Zanclean									Yushean	3.6
		Zanclean									Baodean	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian				Pannonian						7.246
		Tortonian				Pannonian					Tunggurian	11.1
		Serravallian				Sarmatian						11.63
		Serravallian				Badenian						12.8 *
		Langhian									Shanwangian	13.82
		Burdigalian									Shanwangian	15.98
		Burdigalian									Xiejiaan	16.9
		Aquitanian									Xiejiaan	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan								145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan								150
				Heterian								154.5
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan								164.3
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan								176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan								184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran								188.9
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
		Norian		Warepan								208.5
				Otamitan								217
				Oretian								221
		Carnian		Oretian								227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan								237
		Ladinian		Etalian								238
		Anisian		Etalian								242
		Anisian		Malakovian								246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian								247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Zechstein		Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Zechstein		Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Rotliegendes			259.51
		Wordian		Flettian				264.28
		Wordian		Barettian				266
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian	Autunian	283.5
				Telfordian		285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Pragian				Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian				Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †			504.5
												509