PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Cambrian of Britain		Cenozoic Subepochs	Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian						Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian						Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Late Pliocene						2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean						Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian						Late Miocene						7.246
				Serravallian						Middle Miocene						11.63
				Langhian						Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian						Early Miocene						15.98
				Aquitanian						Early Miocene						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene						23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene						27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene						33.9
				Bartonian						Middle Eocene						37.71
				Lutetian						Middle Eocene						41.2
				Ypresian						Early Eocene						47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene						56
				Selandian						Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian						Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan										145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan										150
						Heterian										154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan										164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian												168.2
				Aalenian												170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan										176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan										184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran										188.9
				Sinemurian												192.9
				Hettangian												199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
				Norian		Warepan										208.5
						Otamitan										217
						Oretian										221
				Carnian		Oretian										227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan										237
				Ladinian		Etalian										238
				Anisian		Etalian										242
				Anisian		Malakovian										246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian										247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian										249
				Induan		Nelsonian										251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan										251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan										251.902
Waiitian				Changhsingian		253.2
Waiitian				Wuchiapingian		254.14
Puruhauan				Wuchiapingian		254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian	266
			Roadian			266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian			273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian	276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
			Sakmarian			290.1
			Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian	300 *
			Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian	303.7
			Kasimovian			Dalaun	305.8 *
			Moscovian				307
			Bashkirian				315.2
						Huashibanian	318.5 *
						Lousuan	321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian	323.2
			Serpukhovian			Shangsian	330.8 *
			Visean			Shangsian	330.9
			Visean			Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian			Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Famennian		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Frasnian		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Couvinien		387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Pragian			Coblencien		408.2 *
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
			Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadocian					Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Stage 10						Festiniogian				489.2 *
			Jiangshanian										489.5
										Aksaian			490.7 *
										Sakian			492.2 *
									Maentwrogian				493.1 *
			Paibian										494
			Paibian									Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					St Davids		Ayusokkanian			497
			Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian			499.5
			Drumian							Mayan/Menevian			500.5
			Wuliuan							Amgan/Solvan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai					509		Amgan/Solvan
								Toyonian		Lenian †	510 *
								Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian			514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian			521
		Stage 2						Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian						Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		1000										Karatau
		Stenian		Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan	1375
																1400