PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Devonian of France	Ordovician of the Baltic				Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of Australia	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian														Lancian/Edmontonian	66
				Campanian														Judithian/Aquilan	72.1
				Santonian															83.6
				Coniacian															86.3
				Turonian															89.8
				Cenomanian															93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
				Aptian															113
				Barremian															121.4
				Hauterivian															125.77
				Valanginian															132.6
				Berriasian															139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan													145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan													149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan													150
						Heterian													154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan													164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan													176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan													184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran													188.9
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian													201.4
				Norian		Warepan													208.5
						Otamitan													217
						Oretian													221
				Carnian		Oretian													227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan													227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan													237
				Ladinian		Etalian													238
				Anisian		Etalian													242
				Anisian		Malakovian													246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian										Vokhmian			247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian													249
				Induan		Nelsonian													251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan													251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan													251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian													253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian										Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan										Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian										Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			259.51
				Wordian		Flettian										Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			264.28
				Wordian		Barettian										Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			266
				Roadian												Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian			266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian															273.01
				Kungurian		Mangapirian													276
				Artinskian		Mangapirian													283.5
						Telfordian													285
																			288.5
				Sakmarian															290.1
				Asselian															293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
				Kasimovian															303.7
				Moscovian															307
				Bashkirian															315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian															323.2
				Visean															330.9
				Tournaisian															346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Famennian			Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian	Frasnian			West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian			Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Couvinien			Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
			Pragian						407.6
			Pragian	Coblencien					408.2 *
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
			Aeronian						438.5
			Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni	Bolindian	443.8
			Katian							Pirgu	Bolindian	445.2
										Pirgu	Eastonian	449 *
										Vormsi		449.6 *
										Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
									Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
										Oandu	Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian							Keila		Idavere †	453
										Haljala			453.9
										Kukruse			456.4 *
										Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku	Darriwilian		458.4
										Lasnamagi			458.9 *
										Aseri			460.4 *
									Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
										Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
										Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
			Dapingian								Yapeenian			467.3
											Castlemainian			468.5 *
										Billingen	Castlemainian			469.3 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian								Chewtonian			470
											Chewtonian	Latorp †		470.1 *
											Bendigonian			471.8 *
											Lancefieldian			473.5 *
										Hunneberg				473.7 *
			Tremadocian							Hunneberg				477.7
	Varangu									481.3 *
	Pakerort									482.2 *
										Warendian	482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †			485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
			Jiangshanian								Jiangshanian				489.5
			Paibian								Paibian				494
			Paibian								Paibian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian								Guzhangian	Wangcunian †			497
			Drumian								Drumian	Wangcunian †			500.5
			Wuliuan								Wuliuan/Taijangian				504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Duyunian	509
		Series 2	Stage 3		Nangaoian	514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian	521
			Fortunian		Meishucunian	529
			Fortunian		Jinnigian	530.7
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †				Poundian †		538.8
Proterozoic		Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †				Wonokan †		571.7 *
																			635