PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of North America		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Wanganui	Haweran		0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian							Castlecliffian		0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian		0.774
		Calabrian							Nukumaruan		1.63
		Gelasian							Nukumaruan		1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian		2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Mangapanian		2.58
		Piacenzian							Waipipian		3
		Zanclean							Waipipian		3.6
		Zanclean							Opoitian		3.7
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean		5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian			Pannonian				Tongaporutuan		7.246
		Tortonian			Pannonian			Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian			Sarmatian						11.63
					Badenian						12.8 *
					Badenian				Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian							Lillburnian		13.82
									Clifdenian		15.1
								Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian							Altonian		15.98
		Burdigalian							Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian							Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian						Landon	Waitakian		21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Waitakian		23.03
									Duntroonian		25.2
									Whaingaroan		27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
								Arnold	Runangan		34.6
									Kaiatan		36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan		37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian		39.1
		Lutetian							Bortonian		41.2
								Dannevirke	Porangan		42.6
									Heretaungan		45.7
		Ypresian							Heretaungan		47.8
									Mangaorapan		48.9
									Waipawan		52
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Teurian		56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian							Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian							Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
									Mangaotanean		90.5
									Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian							Arowhanan		93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
									Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Motuan		100.5
									Urutawan		103.3
								Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian							Korangan		113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan		145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan		149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan		150
				Heterian		154.5
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan		164.3
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan		176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan		184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran		188.9
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian		201.4
		Norian		Warepan		208.5
				Otamitan		217
				Oretian	221
		Carnian		Oretian	227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian		Etalian	238
		Anisian		Etalian	242
		Anisian		Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian	249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	Wordian	264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	Wordian	266
		Roadian			Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
				Mangapirian		Cathedralian	276
						Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian					283.5
				Telfordian			285
				Telfordian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
							288.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian				Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †			298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †			303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian	393.3
		Pragian						Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian						Gedinnine	410.8
											419.2