PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128235 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of China			Ordovician of the Baltic			Silurian of the Baltic
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan											145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan											149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan											150
				Heterian											154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan											164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan											176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan											184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran											188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
		Norian		Warepan											208.5
				Otamitan											217
				Oretian											221
		Carnian		Oretian											227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan											227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan											237
		Ladinian		Etalian											238
		Anisian		Etalian											242
		Anisian		Malakovian											246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian											247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian											249
		Induan		Nelsonian											251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan											251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan											251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian											253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian											254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan											254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian											259.51
		Wordian		Flettian											264.28
		Wordian		Barettian											266
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian											276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian											283.5
				Telfordian											285
															288.5
		Sakmarian													290.1
		Asselian													293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian								298.9
		Gzhelian			Xiaodushanian										300 *
		Kasimovian			Xiaodushanian										303.7
		Kasimovian			Dalaun										305.8 *
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian								307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian								315.2
					Huashibanian										318.5 *
					Lousuan										321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian		Late Mississippian								323.2
		Serpukhovian			Shangsian		Late Mississippian								330.8 *
		Visean			Shangsian		Middle Mississippian								330.9
		Visean			Jiusian		Middle Mississippian								335 *
		Tournaisian			Tangbagouan		Early Mississippian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian													358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian													372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian													382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian													387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian													393.3
		Pragian													407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare		419.2
	Pridoli					Kaugetuma		421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare		423
		Ludfordian				Paadla		423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula		427.4
		Homerian				Jaagarahu		429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
		Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani		433.4
		Telychian				Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian				Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian				Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian				Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian				Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Hirnantian		Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian				Chientangkiangian			Wufeng †		Pirgu	445.2
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					Pirgu	449.5
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo			Uhaku		458.4
											Lasnamagi		458.9 *
											Aseri		460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
												Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
								Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
											Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian				Dapingian					Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian				Dapingian					Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Yiyangian								470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
											Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian				Ungurian								Xinchangian	477.7
									Lianghekou †						477.9 *
											Varangu				481.3 *
			Pakerort	482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Pakerort	Batyrbaian								485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
				Aksaian								490.7 *
				Sakian								492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian								497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian								500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian								503
		Wuliuan		Tuesaian								504.5
		Wuliuan										505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
				Toyonian								510 *
				Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian	514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian	521
															525.5