PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 128015 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Devonian of Germany	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Australia	Devonian Subages	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan								150
						Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian		Warepan								208.5
						Otamitan								217
						Oretian								221
				Carnian		Oretian								227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian		Etalian								238
				Anisian		Etalian								242
				Anisian		Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian								247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian								249
				Induan		Nelsonian								251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan				Dorashamian				251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian				Dorashamian				253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian				Dzhulfian			Zechstein	254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan				Dzhulfian			Zechstein	254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian				Midian			Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian		Flettian								264.28
						Barettian								266
										Murgabian				266.2 *
				Roadian						Murgabian				266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian				273.01
						Mangapirian				Kubergandian				276
										Bolorian				279.8
				Artinskian									Autunian	283.5
						Telfordian								285
						Telfordian				Yakhtashian				286
										Yakhtashian				288.5
				Sakmarian						Sakmarian				290.1
				Asselian						Asselian				293.52
				Asselian			Kuzel			Asselian				297.7
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel							298.9
							Stephanian	Stephanian C						300.3 *
								Stephanian B						300.9 *
								Stephanian A						301.4 *
				Kasimovian				Stephanian A						303.7
				Kasimovian				Cantabrian						305 *
				Moscovian				Cantabrian						307
							Westphalian	Westphalian D						307.4 *
								Westphalian C						309.8
								Westphalian B						314.6
				Bashkirian				Westphalian B						315.2
								Westphalian A						317 *
							Namurian	Yeadonian						318.8 *
								Marsdenian						320.2 *
								Kinderscoutian						321.5 *
Alportian								322 *
Chokierian								323.1 *
Chokierian			Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
Arnsbergian								324 *
Pendleian								327.4 *
Visean				Warnantian			Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian			Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian			Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
Tournaisian				Ivorian				346.7
Tournaisian				Hastarian				353.7 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Late Famennian		358.9
									Middle Famennian		365.3 *
									Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian					Adorf	Late Frasnian		372.2
									Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
									Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	Late Givetian		382.7
									Middle Givetian		383.7 *
									Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian					Eifelian	Late Eifelian		387.7
			Eifelian					Eifelian	Early Eifelian		390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	Late Emsian		393.3
			Emsian					Emsian	Early Emsian		398.3 *
			Pragian					Siegen	Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	Late Lochkovian		410.8
									Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
									Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli									Ohesaare	419.2
		Pridoli									Kaugetuma	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare	423
	Paadla		Ludfordian								423.4 *
	Paadla		Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula								427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu								429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu								430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani								431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani								433.4
		Telychian	Adavere								434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere								438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula								439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula								440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru								441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian									443.8
		Katian	Bolindian									445.2
			Eastonian									449 *
			Gisbornian		452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian		467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian		468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian		470
			Bendigonian		471.8 *
			Lancefieldian		473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian		477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			509
	Series 2	Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian								Karatau		800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian								Karatau		1000
		Stenian								Yurmatian		1100
		Ectasian								Yurmatian		1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan			1375
														1400