PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of China	Ordovician of North America						Cenozoic Subepochs	Precambrian of Russia	Cambrian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																Cenozoic 6		0
				Northgrippian																		0.0042
				Greenlandian																		0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene						0.0117
				Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene						0.129
				Calabrian												Early Pleistocene						0.774
				Gelasian												Early Pleistocene						1.8
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian												Late Pliocene						2.58
			Pliocene	Zanclean												Early Pliocene						3.6
			Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene						5.333
				Tortonian												Late Miocene						7.246
				Serravallian												Middle Miocene				Cenozoic 5		11.63
				Langhian												Middle Miocene						13.82
				Burdigalian												Early Miocene						15.98
				Aquitanian												Early Miocene						20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												Late Oligocene				Cenozoic 4		23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian												Early Oligocene				Cenozoic 4		27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian												Late Eocene				Cenozoic 3		33.9
				Bartonian												Middle Eocene				Cenozoic 3		37.71
				Lutetian												Middle Eocene				Cenozoic 2		41.2
				Ypresian												Early Eocene				Cenozoic 2		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian												Late Paleocene				Cenozoic 1		56
				Selandian												Middle Paleocene						59.2
				Danian												Early Paleocene						61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																Cretaceous 8		66
				Campanian																Cretaceous 7		72.1
				Santonian																Cretaceous 6		83.6
				Coniacian																		86.3
				Turonian																		89.8
				Cenomanian																Cretaceous 5		93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian																Cretaceous 4		100.5
				Aptian																Cretaceous 3		113
				Barremian																Cretaceous 2		121.4
				Hauterivian																Cretaceous 2		125.77
				Valanginian																Cretaceous 1		132.6
				Berriasian																Cretaceous 1		139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan														Jurassic 6		145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan														Jurassic 5		149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan																150
						Heterian																154.5
				Oxfordian																		154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan																164.3
				Bathonian																Jurassic 4		165.3
				Bajocian																Jurassic 4		168.2
				Aalenian																Jurassic 3		170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan																176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan														Jurassic 2		184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran														Jurassic 2		188.9
				Sinemurian																Jurassic 1		192.9
				Hettangian																Jurassic 1		199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian														Triassic 4		201.4
				Norian		Warepan																208.5
						Otamitan																217
						Oretian																221
				Carnian		Oretian														Triassic 3		227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan														Triassic 3		227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan														Triassic 2		237
				Ladinian		Etalian																238
				Anisian		Etalian																242
				Anisian		Malakovian																246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian														Triassic 1		247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian																249
Induan				251.2		Nelsonian
Induan				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Permian 4	251.902
			Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
			Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		254.2
		Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		259.51
			Wordian		Flettian		264.28
			Wordian		Barettian		266
			Roadian			Permian 3	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2	273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian		276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian		283.5
					Telfordian		285
							288.5
			Sakmarian				290.1
			Asselian			Permian 1	293.52
			Asselian			Permian 1	Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5		298.9
								Xiaodushanian	300 *
							Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
									Stephanian B	300.9 *
									Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian						Stephanian A	303.7
									Cantabrian	305 *
								Dalaun		305.8 *
			Moscovian			Carboniferous 4				307
							Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
									Westphalian C	309.8
									Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian						Westphalian B	315.2
									Westphalian A	317 *
								Huashibanian	Westphalian A	318.5 *
							Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
									Marsdenian	320.2 *
								Lousuan	Marsdenian	321.2 *
									Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
									Alportian	322 *
									Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Dewunian		Carboniferous 3	Chokierian	323.2
									Arnsbergian	324 *
									Pendleian	327.4 *
						Shangsian			Pendleian	330.8 *
			Visean			Shangsian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Carboniferous 2	330.9
						Jiusian	Warnantian	Brigantian †		335 *
							Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
							Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
			Tournaisian			Ivorian		Tangbagouan	Carboniferous 1	346.7
			Tournaisian			Hastarian		Tangbagouan	Carboniferous 1	353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Devonian 5	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						Devonian 4	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Devonian 3	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Devonian 3	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Devonian 2	393.3
			Pragian						Devonian 1	407.6
			Lochkovian						Devonian 1	410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli							Silurian 2	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
		Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Gorstian									425.6
			Gorstian								Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas	427.4
			Homerian							Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
			Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian						Silurian 1			433.4
			Telychian									436.3 *
Aeronian			438.5
Aeronian			Cowleigh Park							439.3 *
Rhuddanian			Cowleigh Park							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian						Gamachian	Ordovician 5			Kosovian	443.8
		Katian							Gamachian				Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
									Richmondian				Kralodvorian		446 *
									Richmondian				Berounian		449.7 *
									Maysvillian						Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Edenian							450.4 *
			Mohawkian						Chatfieldian							451.1 *
		Sandbian							Chatfieldian	Ordovician 4						453
									Turinian							453.7 *
				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †				Turinian							456.2 *
			Whiterockian	Zahorany †/Vinice											Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
				Liben †													458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Ordovician 3							458.4
													Dobrotivian				458.5 *
													Oretanian				459.7 *
				Sarka †													461.7 *
		Dapingian		Ordovician 2						Klabava †							467.3
													Arenigian				468
									Rangerian								469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian						Blackhillsian							Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian							Tulean									473.9 *
		Tremadocian		Ordovician 1					Tulean	Tremadocian								477.7
									Stairsian									480.3 *
									Skullrockian								Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Skullrockian							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Cambrian 5		485.4
		Stage 10																	Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian																	Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian																	Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian																	Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian														Marjumian	Albertian †		Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian														Marjumian			Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan														Topazan			Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan														Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4														Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4														Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3														Dyeran			Cambrian 2	514
																Montezuman				514.8 *
																Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																		521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian																	Cambrian 1	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran																	Vendian		538.8
		Cryogenian																			635
		Tonian					720
		Tonian					Karatau												800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian				1000	Karatau
		Stenian				Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian				Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian				Burzyan	1375
																						1400