PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permian of the Pamirs	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of the Salt Range	European Faunal Units	Devonian of Eastern North America
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Villanyian		2.58
				Piacenzian							Ruscinian		3.1 *
				Zanclean							Ruscinian		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian							Turolian		5.333
				Tortonian							Turolian		7.246
				Tortonian							Vallesian		8.7
				Serravallian							Astaracian		11.63
				Langhian							Astaracian		13.82
				Burdigalian							Orleanian		15.98
				Burdigalian							Agenian		20
				Aquitanian							Agenian		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian									27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian									33.9
				Bartonian									37.71
				Lutetian									41.2
				Ypresian									47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian									56
				Selandian									59.2
				Danian									61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
				Campanian									72.1
				Santonian									83.6
				Coniacian									86.3
				Turonian									89.8
				Cenomanian									93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
				Aptian									113
				Barremian									121.4
				Hauterivian									125.77
				Valanginian									132.6
				Berriasian									139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan							145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan							150
						Heterian							154.5
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan							164.3
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan							176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan							184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran							188.9
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
				Norian		Warepan							208.5
						Otamitan							217
						Oretian							221
				Carnian		Oretian							227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan							237
				Ladinian		Etalian							238
				Anisian		Etalian							242
				Anisian		Malakovian							246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian							247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian							249
				Induan		Nelsonian							251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan				Kathwai			251.5 *
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Melekhovian	Dorashamian		Kathwai			251.902
													252.4 *
Chhidru									252.9 *
						Waiitian			253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		Dzhulfian	254.14
						Puruhauan			254.2
Kalabagh									255 *
Wargal									256 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		Midian	259.51
				Wordian					264.28
							Noginskian		264.9 *
									265.3 *
						Barettian			266
Amb									266.1 *
								Murgabian	266.2 *
				Roadian					266.9
				Roadian					270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian	273.01
						Mangapirian			276
							Pavlovoposadian		276.8 *
								Bolorian	279.8
				Artinskian					283.5
						Telfordian			285
								Yakhtashian	286
							Rusavkinian		287.6 *
									288.5
				Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
				Asselian				Asselian	293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
				Kasimovian			Dorogomilovian			303.7
							Khamovnikian			304.8
							Krevyakinian			305.8 *
				Moscovian			Myachkovian		Middle Pennsylvanian	307
							Podolskian			308.9 *
							Kashirian			311.4 *
							Vereian			313.8
							Melekessian			314.8
				Bashkirian			Melekessian		Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
							Cheremshanian			316.9 *
							Prikamian			318.6 *
							Severokeltmian			319.9 *
							Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
							Voznesenian			321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian		Late Mississippian	323.2
							Protvian			324.4 *
							Steshevian			326.8 *
							Tarusian			329 *
				Visean			Venevian		Middle Mississippian	330.9
							Mikhailovian			331.9 *
							Aleksinian			333.7 *
							Tulian			335.8 *
							Bobrikian			339.9 *
							Radaevkian			343.4 *
				Tournaisian			Kosvian		Early Mississippian	346.7
							Kizelian			350.7 *
							Cherepetian			351.9 *
							Karakubian			354.4 *
							Upinian			356.3 *
							Malevkian			357.6 *
							Gumerovian			358 *
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway		358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean		372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan		Cazenovian	382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Southwoodian		Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian		Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian					Helderbergian		393.3
			Pragian								407.6
			Lochkovian								410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Bolindian	443.8
			Katian								Bolindian	445.2
											Eastonian	449 *
											Gisbornian	452 *
			Sandbian								Gisbornian	453
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	Darriwilian								458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian								467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian								468.5 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	Chewtonian								470
			Bendigonian								471.8 *
			Lancefieldian								473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian								477.7
		Tremadocian	Warendian								482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian			489.5
		Paibian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			509
	Series 2	Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran						Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian									635
		Tonian									720
		Tonian						Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian						Karatau			1000
		Stenian						Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian						Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian						Burzyan			1375
													1400