PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126764 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of North America		Carboniferous of China	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan								145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan								149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan								150
						Heterian								154.5
				Oxfordian										154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan								164.3
				Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian										168.2
				Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan								176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan								184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran								188.9
				Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian								201.4
				Norian		Warepan								208.5
						Otamitan								217
						Oretian								221
				Carnian		Oretian								227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan								227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan								237
				Ladinian		Etalian								238
				Anisian		Etalian								242
				Anisian		Malakovian								246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian								247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian								249
				Induan		Nelsonian								251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan								251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan								251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian								253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian								254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan								254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Capitanian							259.51
				Wordian		Flettian	Wordian							264.28
				Wordian		Barettian	Wordian							266
				Roadian			Roadian							266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian						273.01
						Mangapirian		Cathedralian						276
								Hessian						281.9 *
				Artinskian										283.5
						Telfordian								285
						Telfordian	Wolfcampian	Lenoxian						286.1 *
														288.5
				Sakmarian										290.1
				Asselian				Nealian						293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
				Gzhelian					Xiaodushanian					300 *
				Kasimovian					Xiaodushanian					303.7
				Kasimovian					Dalaun					305.8 *
				Moscovian										307
				Bashkirian										315.2
									Huashibanian					318.5 *
									Lousuan					321.2 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Dewunian					323.2
				Serpukhovian					Shangsian					330.8 *
				Visean					Shangsian					330.9
				Visean					Jiusian					335 *
				Tournaisian					Tangbagouan					346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
Early Devonian			Emsian	393.3
			Pragian	407.6
			Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli		419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
		Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
			Aeronian	438.5
			Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
			Katian	445.2
			Sandbian	453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian	470
			Tremadocian	477.7
			Tremadocian	Mansian †						483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian						Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
			Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian								489.5
				Aksaian								490.7 *
				Sakian								492.2 *
			Paibian									494
			Paibian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian								497
			Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian								499.5
			Drumian	Mayan/Menevian								500.5
			Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan								504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan								509
	Toyonian			Lenian †						510 *
	Botomian									512.5 *
	Botomian		Stage 3							514
	Atdabanian		Stage 3							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian							521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †						529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
														1400