PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of North America		Permian of the Russian Platform		Devonian Subages	Precambrian of Russia	Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Germany
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan									145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan									150
						Heterian									154.5
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan									164.3
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan									176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan									184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran									188.9
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
				Norian		Warepan									208.5
						Otamitan									217
						Oretian									221
				Carnian		Oretian									227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan									237
				Ladinian		Etalian									238
				Anisian		Etalian									242
				Anisian		Malakovian									246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian									247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian									249
				Induan		Nelsonian									251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan									251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan									251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian									253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian									254.14
						Puruhauan									254.2
						Puruhauan			Tatarian	Vyatkian					256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Capitanian			Severodvinian					259.51
				Wordian		Flettian	Wordian			Urzhumian					264.28
				Wordian		Barettian	Wordian			Urzhumian					266
				Roadian			Roadian		Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
				Roadian			Roadian		Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
						Mangapirian				Irenian/Ufimian					276
										Filipovian					276.5 *
										Saraninian					280.1 *
								Hessian		Saraninian					281.9 *
				Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian					283.5
						Telfordian				Sarginian					285
										Irginian					285.9 *
							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		Irginian					286.1 *
										Burtsevian					287.8 *
										Burtsevian					288.5
				Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
				Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
				Asselian				Nealian	Asselian	Shikhanian			Bursumian †		293.52
										Uskalykian					294.8
										Surenian					297.5
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Virgilian		298.9
				Kasimovian									Missourian		303.7
				Kasimovian									Desmoinesian		305.9 *
				Moscovian									Desmoinesian		307
				Moscovian									Atokan		312.7 *
				Bashkirian									Atokan		315.2
				Bashkirian									Morrowan		318.4 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian									Chesterian		323.2
Visean				330.9									Chesterian
				Meramecian							335.8 *
				Osagean							343.1 *
Tournaisian				Osagean							346.7
Tournaisian				Kinderhookian							351.9 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian								Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
				Middle Famennian									365.3 *
				Early Famennian									368.5 *
			Frasnian	Late Frasnian								Adorf	372.2
				Middle Frasnian									375.4 *
				Early Frasnian									379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian								Givetian	382.7
				Middle Givetian									383.7 *
				Early Givetian									385.9 *
			Eifelian	Late Eifelian								Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian	Early Eifelian								Eifelian	390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian								Emsian	393.3
			Emsian	Early Emsian								Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian	Pragian								Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian								Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian									412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian									415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli											419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
		Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian										427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian										433.4
			Aeronian										438.5
			Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	509
	Series 2	Stage 3	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian			Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau	1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
															1400