PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Salt Range	Ten Million Year Bins	Permian of Western Europe	Silurian of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6			0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Calabrian							0.774
		Gelasian							1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							5.333
		Tortonian							7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5			11.63
		Langhian							13.82
		Burdigalian							15.98
		Aquitanian							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4			23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3			33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3			37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2			41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2			47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1			56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8			66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7			72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6			83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4			100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3			113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2			121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2			125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1			132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan		Jurassic 6			145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan		Jurassic 5			149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan					150
				Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4			165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4			168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan		Jurassic 2			184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran		Jurassic 2			188.9
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1			192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian		Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian		Warepan					208.5
				Otamitan					217
				Oretian					221
		Carnian		Oretian		Triassic 3			227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan		Triassic 3			227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan		Triassic 2			237
		Ladinian		Etalian					238
		Anisian		Etalian					242
		Anisian		Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian		Triassic 1			247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian					249
		Induan		Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	Kathwai		251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Kathwai	Permian 4	251.902
							252.4 *
					Chhidru		252.9 *
				Waiitian			253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian			Zechstein	254.14
				Puruhauan				254.2
					Kalabagh			255 *
					Wargal			256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian			Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian						264.28
								265.3 *
				Barettian				266
					Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb	Permian 3		266.9
		Roadian				Permian 3		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2		273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian				276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian			Autunian	283.5
				Telfordian				285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian				Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Carboniferous 5		298.9
		Kasimovian				Carboniferous 5		303.7
		Moscovian				Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian				Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean				Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian				Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian				Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2		Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian				Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5			485.4
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Cambrian 4			497
		Drumian				Cambrian 4			500.5
		Wuliuan				Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				Cambrian 1			529
									538.8