PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127456 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Silurian of North America			Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan													145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan													149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan													150
						Heterian													154.5
				Oxfordian															154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan													164.3
				Bathonian															165.3
				Bajocian															168.2
				Aalenian															170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan													176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan													184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran													188.9
				Sinemurian															192.9
				Hettangian															199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian													201.4
				Norian		Warepan													208.5
						Otamitan													217
						Oretian													221
				Carnian		Oretian													227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan													227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan													237
				Ladinian		Etalian													238
				Anisian		Etalian													242
				Anisian		Malakovian													246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian													247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian													249
				Induan		Nelsonian													251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan													251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan								Dorashamian					251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian								Dorashamian					253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Zechstein							Dzhulfian					254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Zechstein							Dzhulfian					254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Rotliegendes							Midian					259.51
				Wordian		Flettian													264.28
						Barettian													266
														Murgabian					266.2 *
				Roadian										Murgabian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian										Kubergandian					273.01
						Mangapirian								Kubergandian					276
														Bolorian					279.8
				Artinskian			Autunian												283.5
						Telfordian													285
						Telfordian								Yakhtashian					286
														Yakhtashian					288.5
				Sakmarian										Sakmarian					290.1
				Asselian										Asselian					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian															298.9
				Kasimovian															303.7
				Moscovian															307
				Bashkirian															315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian															323.2
				Visean															330.9
				Tournaisian															346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian															358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian															372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian															382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian															387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian															393.3
				Pragian															407.6
				Lochkovian															410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	Cayugan										419.2
								Kaugetuma	Cayugan										421.7 *
Niagaran								Kaugetuma	422.5 *
			Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
				Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
				Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
			Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula	Lockportian	427.4
				Homerian				Jaagarahu	Lockportian	429.2 *
				Sheinwoodian				Jaagarahu		430.5
				Sheinwoodian				Jaani		431.8 *
			Llandovery	Telychian				Jaani	Ontarian	433.4
				Telychian				Adavere		434 *
				Aeronian						438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
								Raikkula			439.4 *
Medinan									Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
				Rhuddanian							440.8
				Rhuddanian				Juuru			441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
			Katian								445.2
			Sandbian								453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian								477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10								Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10									Festiniogian	Niuchehean			489.2 *
			Jiangshanian									Festiniogian	Jiangshanian			489.5
			Jiangshanian									Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian			493.1 *
			Paibian										Paibian			494
			Paibian										Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids									Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		497
		Drumian										Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan										Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai									Duyunian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3										Nangaoian			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian										Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian										Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran														Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																	635
		Tonian																	720
		Tonian																Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian																Karatau	1000
		Stenian																Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			1200													Yurmatian
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
																			1400