PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127308 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of Western Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Britain		Permian of the Pamirs	Obsolete Precambrian Ages		Cambrian of China	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan												145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan												149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan												150
						Heterian												154.5
				Oxfordian														154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian														161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan												164.3
				Bathonian														165.3
				Bajocian														168.2
				Aalenian														170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian														174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan												176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan												184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran												188.9
				Sinemurian														192.9
				Hettangian														199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian												201.4
				Norian		Warepan												208.5
						Otamitan												217
						Oretian												221
				Carnian		Oretian												227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan												227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan												237
				Ladinian		Etalian												238
				Anisian		Etalian												242
				Anisian		Malakovian												246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian												247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian												249
				Induan		Nelsonian												251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan												251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan							Dorashamian					251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian							Dorashamian					253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Zechstein						Dzhulfian					254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Zechstein						Dzhulfian					254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Rotliegendes						Midian					259.51
				Wordian		Flettian												264.28
						Barettian												266
													Murgabian					266.2 *
				Roadian									Murgabian					266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									Kubergandian					273.01
						Mangapirian							Kubergandian					276
													Bolorian					279.8
				Artinskian			Autunian											283.5
						Telfordian												285
						Telfordian							Yakhtashian					286
													Yakhtashian					288.5
				Sakmarian									Sakmarian					290.1
				Asselian									Asselian					293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian														298.9
				Kasimovian														303.7
				Moscovian														307
				Bashkirian														315.2
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian														323.2
				Visean														330.9
				Tournaisian														346.7
		Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian														358.9
			Late Devonian	Frasnian														372.2
			Middle Devonian	Givetian					Srbsko									382.7
			Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Chotec									387.7
			Early Devonian	Emsian					Daleje/Zlichovian									393.3
				Pragian					Pragian									407.6
				Lochkovian					Lochkovian									410.8
		Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare										419.2
			Pridoli					Kaugetuma										421.7 *
Ludlow			Ludfordian	Kuressaare				423
			Ludfordian	Paadla				423.4 *
			Gorstian	Paadla				425.6
Wenlock			Homerian	Rootsikula				427.4
			Homerian	Jaagarahu				429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu				430.5
			Sheinwoodian	Jaani				431.8 *
Llandovery			Telychian	Jaani				433.4
			Telychian	Adavere				434 *
			Aeronian	Adavere				438.5
			Aeronian	Raikkula				439.4 *
			Rhuddanian	Raikkula				440.8
			Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Bolindian		443.8
			Katian					Bolindian		445.2
								Eastonian		449 *
								Gisbornian		452 *
			Sandbian					Gisbornian		453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Darriwilian		458.4
			Dapingian					Yapeenian		467.3
			Dapingian					Castlemainian		468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian		470
								Bendigonian		471.8 *
								Lancefieldian		473.5 *
			Tremadocian					Lancefieldian		477.7
			Tremadocian					Warendian		482.8 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10							Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Niuchehean		Taoyuanian †	485.4
			Stage 10								Festiniogian	Niuchehean			489.2 *
			Jiangshanian								Festiniogian	Jiangshanian			489.5
			Jiangshanian								Maentwrogian	Jiangshanian			493.1 *
	Paibian		Paibian									494
	Paibian		Paibian									Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids								Guzhangian	Wangcunian †		497
		Drumian									Drumian	Wangcunian †		500.5
		Wuliuan									Wuliuan/Taijangian			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai								Duyunian			509
	Series 2	Stage 3									Nangaoian			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									Meishucunian			521
		Fortunian									Meishucunian			529
		Fortunian									Jinnigian			530.7
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian †	Poundian †	Vendian	538.8
		Ediacaran													Vendian †	Wonokan †	Vendian	571.7 *
		Cryogenian																635
		Tonian																720
		Tonian															Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			1000												Karatau
		Stenian			Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan	1375
																		1400