PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Carboniferous Subepochs	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ordovician of Australia	Permian of China	Ordovician of Britain
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan													145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan													149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan													150
				Heterian													154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan													164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan													176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan													184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran													188.9
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian													201.4
		Norian		Warepan													208.5
				Otamitan													217
				Oretian													221
		Carnian		Oretian													227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan													227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan													237
		Ladinian		Etalian													238
		Anisian		Etalian													242
		Anisian		Malakovian													246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian													247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian													249
		Induan		Nelsonian													251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan													251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein							Meishanian					251.902
				Waiitian								Meishanian					253.2
												Baoqingian					253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian										Laoshanian					254.14
				Puruhauan								Laoshanian					254.2
				Puruhauan								Laibinian					257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller							Lengwuan					259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	Leine							Kuhfengian					264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	Leine												266
		Roadian															266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										Luodianian					273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian													276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian													283.5
				Telfordian													285
				Telfordian								Longlinian					285.4 *
																	288.5
		Sakmarian															290.1
		Asselian										Zisongian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Late Pennsylvanian						Zisongian					298.9
		Gzhelian															300.1
		Kasimovian															303.7
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian											307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian											323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian											330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian											346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian															358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian															372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian															382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian															387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian															393.3
		Pragian															407.6
		Lochkovian															410.8
Silurian	Pridoli																419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Kosovian	Bolindian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian					Kralodvorian			Bohdalec †	Rawtheyan		445.2
											Cautleyan		448.9 *
								Eastonian			Cautleyan		449 *
											Pusgillian		449.3 *
									Caradoc		Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
							Berounian				Streffordian			449.7 *
											Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Gisbornian			Cheneyan			452 *
											Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian												453
													Actonian †	453.2 *
													Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †		455.2 *
															Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Aurelucian						456.8 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
										Liben †			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						458.4
							Dobrotivian										458.5 *
							Oretanian										459.7 *
											Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn						461.3 *
										Sarka †							461.7 *
		Dapingian						Klabava †		Yapeenian							467.3
							Arenigian										468
									Arenig		Fennian						468.4 *
										Castlemainian							468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Chewtonian							470
										Chewtonian	Whitlandian						471.1 *
										Bendigonian							471.8 *
										Lancefieldian							473.5 *
											Moridunian						474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian		477.7
									Cressagian		480.8 *
									Cressagian	Warendian	482.8 *
										Warendian	485 *
																	485.4