PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Siberia			Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan							145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan							150
						Heterian							154.5
				Oxfordian									154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan							164.3
				Bathonian									165.3
				Bajocian									168.2
				Aalenian									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan							176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan							184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran							188.9
				Sinemurian									192.9
				Hettangian									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
				Norian		Warepan							208.5
						Otamitan							217
						Oretian							221
				Carnian		Oretian							227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan							237
				Ladinian		Etalian							238
				Anisian		Etalian							242
				Anisian		Malakovian							246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian							247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian							249
				Induan		Nelsonian							251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan							251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	Melekhovian					251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian							253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian							254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan							254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller						259.51
				Wordian			Leine						264.28
								Noginskian					264.9 *
						Barettian							266
				Roadian									266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
						Mangapirian							276
								Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *
				Artinskian									283.5
						Telfordian							285
						Telfordian		Rusavkinian					287.6 *
													288.5
				Sakmarian									290.1
				Asselian									293.52
		Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
				Kasimovian				Dorogomilovian					303.7
								Khamovnikian					304.8
								Krevyakinian					305.8 *
				Moscovian				Myachkovian					307
								Podolskian					308.9 *
								Kashirian					311.4 *
								Vereian					313.8
								Melekessian					314.8
				Bashkirian				Melekessian					315.2
								Cheremshanian					316.9 *
								Prikamian					318.6 *
								Severokeltmian					319.9 *
								Krasnopolyanian					321.2 *
								Voznesenian					321.9 *
			Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Zapaltjubian					323.2
Protvian								324.4 *
Steshevian								326.8 *
Tarusian								329 *
Visean				Venevian				330.9
				Mikhailovian				331.9 *
				Aleksinian				333.7 *
				Tulian				335.8 *
				Bobrikian				339.9 *
				Radaevkian				343.4 *
Tournaisian				Kosvian				346.7
				Kizelian				350.7 *
				Cherepetian				351.9 *
				Karakubian				354.4 *
				Upinian				356.3 *
				Malevkian				357.6 *
				Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian	393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
	Aeronian		438.5
	Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Mansian †				483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian				Tavgian †			Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian	Batyrbaian								489.5
			Aksaian								490.7 *
			Sakian								492.2 *
		Paibian									494
		Paibian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Ayusokkanian				497
		Guzhangian	Mayan/Menevian				499.5
		Drumian	Mayan/Menevian				500.5
		Wuliuan	Amgan/Solvan				504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4	Amgan/Solvan				509
			Toyonian		Lenian †		510 *
			Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian				514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian				515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian				521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian				525.5
		Fortunian	Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †		529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran									Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian										635
		Tonian										720
		Tonian									Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian									Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan	1375
													1400