PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

This timescale is used in the definition of 126778 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian Subages of Germany	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Devonian of Eastern North America
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Lancian/Edmontonian			66
		Campanian				Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
			Kawhia	Ohauan					150
				Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Callovian		Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian		Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian		Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
		Norian		Warepan					208.5
				Otamitan					217
				Oretian					221
		Carnian		Oretian					227
		Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan					237
		Ladinian		Etalian					238
		Anisian		Etalian					242
		Anisian		Malakovian					246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian					247.2
		Olenekian		Nelsonian					249
		Induan		Nelsonian					251.2
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein				251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian					253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian					254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan					254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller				259.51
		Wordian		Flettian	Leine				264.28
		Wordian		Barettian	Leine				266
		Roadian							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Kungurian		Mangapirian					276
		Artinskian		Mangapirian					283.5
				Telfordian					285
									288.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian							303.7
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Southwoodian	Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
									419.2