PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127681 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian of the Baltic	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cretaceous Subepochs	Devonian Subages	Carboniferous of China	Permian of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Senonian				66
				Campanian											72.1
				Santonian											83.6
				Coniacian											86.3
				Turonian											89.8
				Cenomanian											93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							Gallic				100.5
				Aptian											113
				Barremian											121.4
				Hauterivian							Neocomian				125.77
				Valanginian											132.6
				Berriasian											139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan									145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan									150
						Heterian									154.5
				Oxfordian											154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan									164.3
				Bathonian											165.3
				Bajocian											168.2
				Aalenian											170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan									176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan									184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran									188.9
				Sinemurian											192.9
				Hettangian											199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
				Norian		Warepan									208.5
						Otamitan									217
						Oretian									221
				Carnian		Oretian									227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan									237
				Ladinian		Etalian									238
				Anisian		Etalian									242
				Anisian		Malakovian									246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian	Vokhmian								247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian									249
				Induan		Nelsonian									251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan									251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan									251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian									253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian							Zechstein	254.14
						Puruhauan									254.2
						Puruhauan			Tatarian	Vyatkian					256.8 *
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			Severodvinian				Rotliegendes	259.51
				Wordian		Flettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Urzhumian					264.28
				Wordian		Barettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Urzhumian					266
				Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Povolzhian					266.9
				Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Sokian					270.7 *
			Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian					273.01
						Mangapirian				Irenian/Ufimian					276
										Filipovian					276.5 *
										Saraninian					280.1 *
				Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian				Autunian	283.5
						Telfordian				Sarginian					285
										Irginian					285.9 *
										Burtsevian					287.8 *
										Burtsevian					288.5
				Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian					290.1
				Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian					291.7 *
				Asselian					Asselian	Shikhanian					293.52
Uskalykian								294.8
Surenian								297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian		300 *
			Kasimovian							Xiaodushanian		303.7
			Kasimovian							Dalaun		305.8 *
			Moscovian									307
			Bashkirian									315.2
										Huashibanian		318.5 *
										Lousuan		321.2 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Dewunian		323.2
			Serpukhovian							Shangsian		330.8 *
			Visean							Shangsian	330.9
			Visean							Jiusian	335 *
			Tournaisian							Tangbagouan	346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian		358.9
										Middle Famennian		365.3 *
										Early Famennian		368.5 *
			Frasnian							Late Frasnian		372.2
										Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
										Early Frasnian		379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian		382.7
										Middle Givetian		383.7 *
										Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian							Late Eifelian		387.7
			Eifelian							Early Eifelian		390.3 *
		Early Devonian	Emsian							Late Emsian		393.3
			Emsian							Early Emsian		398.3 *
			Pragian							Pragian		407.6
			Lochkovian							Late Lochkovian		410.8
										Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
										Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian		Pridoli								Ohesaare			419.2
		Pridoli								Kaugetuma			421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							Kuressaare			423
			Ludfordian							Paadla			423.4 *
			Gorstian							Paadla			425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Rootsikula			427.4
			Homerian							Jaagarahu			429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian							Jaagarahu			430.5
			Sheinwoodian							Jaani			431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian							Jaani			433.4
	Adavere		Telychian							434 *
	Adavere		Aeronian							438.5
	Raikkula		Aeronian							439.4 *
	Raikkula		Rhuddanian							440.8
	Juuru		Rhuddanian							441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian								453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian								467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4			509
	Series 2	Stage 3			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian			529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran					Vendian			538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian		720
		Tonian		Karatau			800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian		Karatau			1000
		Stenian		Yurmatian			1100
		Ectasian		Yurmatian			1200
		Ectasian		Burzyan			1375
															1400