PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Permian of the Russian Platform		European Faunal Units	Precambrian of Russia
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Villanyian		2.58
				Piacenzian					Ruscinian		3.1 *
				Zanclean					Ruscinian		3.6
			Miocene	Messinian					Turolian		5.333
				Tortonian					Turolian		7.246
				Tortonian					Vallesian		8.7
				Serravallian					Astaracian		11.63
				Langhian					Astaracian		13.82
				Burdigalian					Orleanian		15.98
				Burdigalian					Agenian		20
				Aquitanian					Agenian		20.44
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
				Bartonian							37.71
				Lutetian							41.2
				Ypresian							47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian							56
				Selandian							59.2
				Danian							61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
				Campanian							72.1
				Santonian							83.6
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
				Cenomanian							93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
				Aptian							113
				Barremian							121.4
				Hauterivian							125.77
				Valanginian							132.6
				Berriasian							139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan					145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan					149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan					150
						Heterian					154.5
				Oxfordian							154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan					164.3
				Bathonian							165.3
				Bajocian							168.2
				Aalenian							170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
				Toarcian	Herangi	Ururoan					176
				Pliensbachian		Ururoan					184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran					188.9
				Sinemurian							192.9
				Hettangian							199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian					201.4
				Norian		Warepan					208.5
						Otamitan					217
						Oretian					221
				Carnian		Oretian					227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan					227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan					237
				Ladinian		Etalian					238
				Anisian		Etalian					242
				Anisian		Malakovian					246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian					247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian					249
				Induan		Nelsonian					251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan					251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan					251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian					253.2
Wuchiapingian				254.14		Waiitian
				Puruhauan		254.2
				Puruhauan		Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian		Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian		Flettian		Urzhumian	264.28
			Wordian		Barettian		Urzhumian	266
			Roadian			Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian			Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
Cisuralian			Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
					Mangapirian		Irenian/Ufimian	276
							Filipovian	276.5 *
							Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
					Telfordian		Sarginian	285
							Irginian	285.9 *
							Burtsevian	287.8 *
							Burtsevian	288.5
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
							Uskalykian	294.8
							Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian		Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
			Aeronian					438.5
			Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					443.8
			Katian					445.2
			Sandbian					453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian					470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian					497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4					509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2					521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian					529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran							Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian								635
		Tonian								720
		Tonian							Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian							Karatau	1000
		Stenian							Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian							Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian							Burzyan	1375
											1400