PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127751 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Mesozoic Subages		Permian Subages of Germany	Ordovician of China			Devonian of Germany	Devonian of France	Precambrian of Russia	Silurian Ages of Europe
Phanerozoic	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian										66
				Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian										72.1
				Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian										83.6
				Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian										89.8
				Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian										93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian										100.5
							Middle Albian										106.2 *
							Early Albian										109.9 *
				Aptian			Late Aptian										113
				Aptian			Early Aptian										119.5 *
				Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian										125.77
				Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian										132.6
				Berriasian			Late Berriasian										139.8
							Middle Berriasian										140.6 *
							Early Berriasian										142.7 *
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									145
				Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian									146.3 *
				Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian										149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan	Late Kimmeridgian										150
						Ohauan	Early Kimmeridgian										152.2 *
						Heterian	Early Kimmeridgian										154.5
				Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									154.8
				Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian									157.9 *
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian										164.3
				Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian										165.3
				Bajocian			Late Bajocian										168.2
				Bajocian			Early Bajocian										168.6 *
				Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian										170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian										174.7
					Herangi	Ururoan	Late Toarcian										176
							Middle Toarcian										180.4 *
							Early Toarcian										182.9 *
				Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian										184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian										188.9
				Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian										192.9
				Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian										199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian											201.4
				Norian		Warepan	Sevatian										208.5
							Alaunian										213.2 *
							Lacian										216.7 *
						Otamitan											217
						Oretian											221
				Carnian		Oretian	Tuvalian										227
					Gore	Kaihikuan	Tuvalian										227.5
							Julian										233.4 *
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian										237
						Etalian	Longobardian										238
							Fassanian										239.7 *
				Anisian			Illyrian										242
							Pelsonian										243.8 *
							Bithynian										244.7 *
							Aegean										245.5 *
						Malakovian	Aegean										246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian			Spathian										247.2
							Smithian										248.9 *
						Nelsonian	Smithian										249
				Induan			Dienerian										251.2
							Griesbachian										251.4 *
					DUrville	Makarewan	Griesbachian										251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan			Buntsandstein								251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian											253.2
Wuchiapingian				254.14		Waiitian
Wuchiapingian				Puruhauan		254.2
Guadalupian			Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian	Ohre/Aller			259.51
			Wordian		Flettian	Leine			264.28
			Wordian		Barettian	Leine			266
			Roadian						266.9
Cisuralian			Kungurian						273.01
			Kungurian		Mangapirian				276
			Artinskian		Mangapirian				283.5
					Telfordian				285
									288.5
			Sakmarian						290.1
			Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
			Kasimovian						303.7
			Moscovian						307
			Bashkirian						315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
			Visean						330.9
			Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Famennian	358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian						Adorf	Frasnian	372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian						Givetian	Givetian	382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Eifelian	Couvinien	387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian						Emsian		393.3
			Pragian					Siegen	407.6
			Pragian					Siegen	Coblencien	408.2 *
			Lochkovian					Gedinnine	Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian		Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian							Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian								430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
			Aeronian								438.5
			Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
			Katian								Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
			Katian								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
			Sandbian								Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo		458.4
			Darriwilian								Darriwilian	Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo	466.3 *
			Dapingian								Dapingian			467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian								Yiyangian			470
			Tremadocian								Xinchangian			477.7
			Tremadocian								Xinchangian		Lianghekou †	477.9 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
			Jiangshanian											489.5
			Paibian											494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian											497
			Drumian											500.5
			Wuliuan											504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4											509
		Series 2	Stage 3											514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian											529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran													Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian														635
		Tonian														720
		Tonian													Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian													Karatau	1000
		Stenian					Yurmatian								1100
		Ectasian					Yurmatian								1200
		Ectasian					Burzyan								1375
																	1400