PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127682 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of Siberia			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Mammal Paleogene Zones
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25	23.03
			Oligocene	Rupelian								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21	MP 25	27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A		33.9
				Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		MP 16		37.71
				Lutetian										MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11		41.2
				Ypresian									Bumbanian	MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7		47.8
			Paleocene	Thanetian								Gashatan		MP 6	MP 1 - 5	56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
				Campanian												72.1
				Santonian												83.6
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
				Cenomanian												93.9
			Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
				Aptian												113
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
				Berriasian												139.8
		Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Oteke	Puaroan										145
				Kimmeridgian	Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan										150
						Heterian										154.5
				Oxfordian												154.8
			Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
				Callovian		Temaikan										164.3
				Bathonian												165.3
				Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites									168.2
				Bajocian				Humphresianum								168.4
				Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum									170.9
			Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense								174.7
					Herangi	Ururoan		Thouarsense								176
																180.1
							Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum									182
				Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni									184.2
				Pliensbachian		Aratauran	Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni									188.9
				Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi									192.9
				Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis									199.5
		Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
				Norian		Warepan										208.5
						Otamitan										217
						Oretian										221
				Carnian		Oretian										227
				Carnian	Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
			Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Kaihikuan										237
				Ladinian		Etalian										238
				Anisian		Etalian										242
				Anisian		Malakovian										246
			Early Triassic	Olenekian		Malakovian										247.2
				Olenekian		Nelsonian										249
				Induan		Nelsonian										251.2
				Induan	DUrville	Makarewan										251.5
	Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan										251.902
				Changhsingian		Waiitian										253.2
				Wuchiapingian		Waiitian										254.14
				Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan										254.2
			Guadalupian	Capitanian	Aparima	Flettian										259.51
				Wordian		Flettian										264.28
				Wordian		Barettian										266
				Roadian												266.9
			Cisuralian	Kungurian												273.01
				Kungurian		Mangapirian										276
Artinskian				283.5		Mangapirian
				Telfordian		285
						288.5
Sakmarian						290.1
Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous		Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
			Kasimovian			303.7
			Moscovian			307
			Bashkirian			315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
			Visean			330.9
			Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian		Late Devonian	Famennian			Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden			358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian			Adorf			372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian			Givetian			382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Eifelian			387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Emsian			393.3
			Pragian			Siegen			407.6
			Lochkovian			Gedinnine			410.8
Silurian		Pridoli							419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
		Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician		Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
			Katian							445.2
			Sandbian							453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian							470
			Tremadocian					477.7
			Tremadocian					Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian		Furongian	Stage 10					Batyrbaian		Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian					Batyrbaian					489.5
								Aksaian					490.7 *
								Sakian					492.2 *
			Paibian				494
			Paibian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Ayusokkanian				Middle Cambrian	497
			Guzhangian				Mayan/Menevian					499.5
			Drumian				Mayan/Menevian					500.5
			Wuliuan				Amgan/Solvan					504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4				Amgan/Solvan				Early Cambrian	509
							Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
							Botomian					512.5 *
			Stage 3				Botomian					514
			Stage 3				Atdabanian					515.6 *
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian					521
			Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
			Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †				529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran											Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian												635
		Tonian												720
		Tonian											Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian											Karatau	1000
		Stenian											Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian											Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian											Burzyan	1375
																1400