PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Australia	Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of North America		Carboniferous of Western Europe
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran												0
				Northgrippian														0.0042
				Greenlandian														0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
				Chibanian														0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian												0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian												0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan												1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan												1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian												2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Tertiary †											2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian												3
				Zanclean		Waipipian												3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian												3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean												5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan												7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan												7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan												11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan												11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian												13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian												13.82
						Clifdenian												15.1
					Pareora	Altonian												15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian												15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian												18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian												20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian												21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian												23.03
						Duntroonian												25.2
						Whaingaroan												27.3
				Rupelian														27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian														33.9
					Arnold	Runangan												34.6
						Kaiatan												36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan												37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian												39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian												41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan												42.6
						Heretaungan												45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan												47.8
						Mangaorapan												48.9
						Waipawan												52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian												56
				Selandian														59.2
				Danian														61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian												66
				Campanian		Haumurian												72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan												83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan												86.1
				Coniacian														86.3
				Turonian														89.8
						Mangaotanean												90.5
						Arowhanan												93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan												93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian												95.2
						Motuan												99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan												100.5
						Urutawan												103.3
					Taitai	Korangan												108.4
				Aptian		Korangan												113
				Aptian														117.5
				Barremian														121.4
				Hauterivian														125.77
				Valanginian														132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian	259.51
			Wordian					Wordian	264.28
			Roadian					Roadian	266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
			Kungurian						Hessian	281.9 *
			Artinskian						Hessian	283.5
			Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
			Sakmarian						Lenoxian	290.1
			Asselian						Nealian	Bursumian †	293.52
			Asselian						Nealian	Bursumian †	Kuzel	297.7
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian	Kuzel	298.9
											Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
												Stephanian B	300.9 *
												Stephanian A	301.4 *
			Kasimovian							Missourian		Stephanian A	303.7
										Missourian		Cantabrian	305 *
										Desmoinesian			305.9 *
			Moscovian										307
											Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
												Westphalian C	309.8
										Atokan		Westphalian C	312.7 *
												Westphalian B	314.6
			Bashkirian									Westphalian B	315.2
												Westphalian A	317 *
							Morrowan			318.4 *		Westphalian A
										Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
											Marsdenian	320.2 *
											Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
											Alportian	322 *
											Chokierian	323.1 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chesterian				Chokierian	323.2
											Arnsbergian	324 *
											Pendleian	327.4 *
			Visean							Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
							Meramecian			Warnantian	Brigantian †	335.8 *
										Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
										Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
							Osagean			Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Osagean			Ivorian		346.7
						Kinderhookian	351.9 *			Ivorian
						Kinderhookian	Hastarian			353.7 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian							Adorf		372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian							Givetian		382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian						387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian						393.3
			Pragian	Siegen						407.6
			Lochkovian	Gedinnine						410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
		Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
			Aeronian							438.5
			Rhuddanian							440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Bolindian		Harju	Porkuni	443.8
			Katian							Bolindian			Pirgu	445.2
										Eastonian			Pirgu	449 *
													Vormsi	449.6 *
													Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
												Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
Gisbornian										Oandu			452 *
			Sandbian							Keila			Idavere †	453
					Haljala					453.9
					Kukruse					456.4 *
					Uhaku					Aluoja †			457.5 *
Middle Ordovician		Darriwilian	Darriwilian		Uhaku								458.4
					Lasnamagi								458.9 *
					Aseri								460.4 *
					Oeland							Kunda	462.9 *
										Valaste †/Hunderum		Kunda	464.3 *
												Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian											467.3
			Castlemainian					468.5 *
			Castlemainian					Billingen	469.3 *
Early Ordovician		Floian	Chewtonian						470
			Chewtonian						Latorp †			470.1 *
			Bendigonian									471.8 *
			Lancefieldian									473.5 *
								Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian						Hunneberg				477.7
								Varangu				481.3 *
								Pakerort				482.2 *
			Warendian									482.8 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran														Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian															635
		Tonian															720
		Tonian														Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian														Karatau	1000
		Stenian									Yurmatian					1100
		Ectasian									Yurmatian					1200
		Ectasian									Burzyan					1375
																		1400