PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127682 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian Ages of Europe	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Mammal Paleogene Zones		Permian of the Russian Platform
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran										0
				Northgrippian												0.0042
				Greenlandian												0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
				Chibanian												0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian										0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian										0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan										1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan										1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian										2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Tertiary †									2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian										3
				Zanclean		Waipipian										3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian										3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean										5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan										7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan										7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan										11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan										11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian										13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian										13.82
						Clifdenian										15.1
					Pareora	Altonian										15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian										15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian										18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian										20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian										21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian						MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26	MP 25			23.03
						Duntroonian										25.2
						Whaingaroan										27.3
				Rupelian								MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian								MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A				33.9
					Arnold	Runangan										34.6
						Kaiatan										36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan						MP 16				37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian						MP 16				39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian						MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11				41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan										42.6
						Heretaungan										45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan						MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7				47.8
						Mangaorapan										48.9
						Waipawan										52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian						MP 6	MP 1 - 5			56
				Selandian												59.2
				Danian												61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian										66
				Campanian		Haumurian										72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan										83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan										86.1
				Coniacian												86.3
				Turonian												89.8
						Mangaotanean										90.5
						Arowhanan										93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan										93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian										95.2
						Motuan										99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan										100.5
						Urutawan										103.3
					Taitai	Korangan										108.4
				Aptian		Korangan										113
				Aptian												117.5
				Barremian												121.4
				Hauterivian												125.77
				Valanginian												132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
			Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †			254.14
			Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †			Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian						Severodvinian	259.51
			Wordian						Urzhumian	264.28
			Roadian					Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
			Roadian					Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
									Filipovian	276.5 *
									Saraninian	280.1 *
			Artinskian					Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
									Irginian	285.9 *
									Burtsevian	287.8 *
			Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
			Sakmarian					Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
			Asselian					Asselian	Shikhanian	Bursumian †	293.52
									Uskalykian		294.8
									Surenian		297.5
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Virgilian	298.9
			Kasimovian							Missourian	303.7
			Kasimovian							Desmoinesian	305.9 *
			Moscovian							Desmoinesian	307
			Moscovian							Atokan	312.7 *
			Bashkirian							Atokan	315.2
			Bashkirian							Morrowan	318.4 *
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chesterian	323.2
			Visean				330.9			Chesterian
							Meramecian			335.8 *
							Osagean			343.1 *
			Tournaisian				Osagean			346.7
			Tournaisian				Kinderhookian			351.9 *
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Late Famennian				Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
							Middle Famennian					365.3 *
							Early Famennian					368.5 *
			Frasnian				Late Frasnian				Adorf	372.2
							Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
							Early Frasnian					379.3 *
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				Srbsko				Late Givetian	Givetian	382.7
											Middle Givetian		383.7 *
											Early Givetian		385.9 *
			Eifelian				Chotec				Late Eifelian	Eifelian	387.7
			Eifelian			Early Eifelian	Chotec				390.3 *	Eifelian
		Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	Late Emsian				Emsian	393.3
			Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	Early Emsian				Emsian	398.3 *
			Pragian			Pragian	Pragian				Siegen	407.6
			Lochkovian			Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian				Gedinnine	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
	Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
		Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian								Gleedonian	427.4
			Homerian								Whitwellian	429.7 *
			Sheinwoodian									430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
			Aeronian									438.5
			Rhuddanian									440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									443.8
			Katian									445.2
			Sandbian									453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian									467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian									470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		497
		Drumian			500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †							504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										509
	Series 2	Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran												Vendian	538.8
		Cryogenian													635
		Tonian													720
		Tonian												Karatau	800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian												Karatau	1000
		Stenian												Yurmatian	1100
		Ectasian												Yurmatian	1200
		Ectasian												Burzyan	1375
																1400