PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of Australia	Silurian of England		Cretaceous Subepochs
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran								0
				Northgrippian										0.0042
				Greenlandian										0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
				Chibanian										0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian								0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian								0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan								1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan								1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian								2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian								2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian								3
				Zanclean		Waipipian								3.6
				Zanclean		Opoitian								3.7
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean								5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan								7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan								7.246
				Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan								11.04
				Serravallian		Waiauan								11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian								13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian								13.82
						Clifdenian								15.1
					Pareora	Altonian								15.9
				Burdigalian		Altonian								15.98
				Burdigalian		Otaian								18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian								20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian								21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
						Duntroonian								25.2
						Whaingaroan								27.3
				Rupelian			Kekeamuan							27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
					Arnold	Runangan								34.6
						Kaiatan								36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian								39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian								41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan								42.6
						Heretaungan								45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan		Bumbanian						47.8
						Mangaorapan								48.9
						Waipawan								52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Gashatan							56
				Selandian										59.2
				Danian										61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							Senonian	66
				Campanian		Haumurian								72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan								83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan								86.1
				Coniacian										86.3
				Turonian										89.8
						Mangaotanean								90.5
						Arowhanan								93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan								93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian								95.2
						Motuan								99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan							Gallic	100.5
						Urutawan								103.3
					Taitai	Korangan								108.4
				Aptian		Korangan								113
				Aptian										117.5
				Barremian										121.4
				Hauterivian									Neocomian	125.77
				Valanginian										132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian						145
			Kimmeridgian						149.2
			Oxfordian						154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
			Bathonian						165.3
			Bajocian						168.2
			Aalenian						170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian						174.7
			Pliensbachian						184.2
			Sinemurian						192.9
			Hettangian						199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
			Norian						208.5
			Carnian						227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian						247.2
			Induan						251.2
			Induan						Kathwai	251.5 *
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Kathwai	251.902
										252.4 *
									Chhidru	252.9 *
			Wuchiapingian						Chhidru	254.14
									Kalabagh	255 *
									Wargal	256 *
		Guadalupian	Capitanian							259.51
			Wordian							264.28
										265.3 *
									Amb	266.1 *
			Roadian						Amb	266.9
			Roadian							270.7 *
		Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
			Artinskian							283.5
			Sakmarian							290.1
			Asselian							293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
			Kasimovian							303.7
			Moscovian							307
			Bashkirian							315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
			Visean							330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
			Pragian				407.6
			Lochkovian				410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli					Ohesaare	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
							Ohesaare			Bringewood/Elton	421.3
							Kaugetuma			Bringewood/Elton	421.7 *
		Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
			Ludfordian				Paadla			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423.4 *
			Gorstian								425.6
			Gorstian							Buildwas	426.4 *
		Wenlock	Homerian				Rootsikula			Buildwas	427.4
							Rootsikula	Wych		Woolhope	428.4 *
							Jaagarahu				429.2 *
			Sheinwoodian			430.5	Jaagarahu
			Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
		Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
						Adavere	434 *
										436.3 *
			Aeronian	438.5
				Cowleigh Park	439.3 *
					Raikkula	439.4 *
			Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
			Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Bolindian			443.8
			Katian		Bolindian			445.2
					Eastonian			449 *
					Gisbornian			452 *
			Sandbian		Gisbornian			453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Darriwilian			458.4
			Dapingian		Yapeenian			467.3
			Dapingian		Castlemainian			468.5 *
		Early Ordovician	Floian		Chewtonian			470
					Bendigonian			471.8 *
					Lancefieldian			473.5 *
			Tremadocian		Lancefieldian			477.7
			Tremadocian		Warendian			482.8 *
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
Jiangshanian			489.5
Paibian			494
Miaolingian		Guzhangian	497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	504.5
Series 2		Stage 4	509
Series 2		Stage 3	514
Terreneuvian		Stage 2	521
Terreneuvian		Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Poundian †	538.8
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran								Vendian †	Wonokan †	571.7 *
														635