PBDB Timescale

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of the Baltic	Cambrian of Australia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran							0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian							2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian							3
		Zanclean		Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan							11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian							13.82
				Clifdenian							15.1
			Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian					23.03
				Duntroonian							25.2
				Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian			Kekeamuan						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian						33.9
			Arnold	Runangan							34.6
				Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan						37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian							41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
				Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan		Bumbanian					47.8
				Mangaorapan							48.9
				Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Gashatan						56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian							66
		Campanian		Haumurian							72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan							83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
				Mangaotanean							90.5
				Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan							93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
				Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan							100.5
				Urutawan							103.3
			Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian		Korangan							113
		Aptian									117.5
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian					Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli				Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian			Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian			Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian			Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian			Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian			Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian			Jaani	433.4
		Telychian			Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian			Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian			Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Kosovian		443.8
		Katian				Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian		Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian				453
						Zahorany †/Vinice			Letna †	456.2 *
						Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
			Dobrotivian	458.5 *
			Oretanian	459.7 *
				Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian		Klabava †					467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian						468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Datsonian							485.4
		Stage 10	Payntonian							486.8 *
		Jiangshanian	Iverian							489.5
		Paibian	Idamean							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Mindyallan							497
		Guzhangian	Boomerangian							499
		Drumian	Undillan							500.5
		Drumian	Floran							503
		Wuliuan	Templetonian							504.5
		Wuliuan	Ordian							507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4	Ordian							509
											510.8 *